Simultaneously allocating electric vehicle charging stations ( EVCS ) and photovoltaic ( PV ) energy resources in smart grid considering uncertainties: A hybrid technique

Abstract

Summary This paper proposes a simultaneously allocating electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) and photovoltaic (PV) energy resources in smart grid considering uncertainties using a hybrid technique. The proposed hybrid technique is the combination of capuchin search algorithm (CapSA) and wild horse optimizer (WHO), and hence it is named as ECapSA technique. The dynamic behaviour of capuchin monkeys is enhanced by the wild horse's social life behaviour. That's why, it is called as enhanced CapSA (ECapSA) technique. In the proposed work, the following four main objectives are considered and formulated by the ECapSA technique: (a) minimization of energy loss, (b) minimization of 24‐h voltage deviation, (c) maximization of weightage to offer electric vehicle charging service for maximal users, and (d) minimization of land cost. The locations of electric vehicle charging station and distributed generation (DG) affect the power loss along voltage at the distribution network. Besides, the locations on the road network determine the land cost together with weightage. The proposed formulation solution is carried out in two layers: upper and lower layers. The electric vehicle charging station allocation is modelled in upper layer and distributed generation of the optimization in lower layer. Here, 24 h slots are considered for load variation and photovoltaic generation variation at the charging station (CS). The energy loss reduction is an objective of problem formulations instead of power loss reduction. The ECapSA technique is implemented in the MATLAB platform, its performance is analyzed with existing techniques.

Performance Evaluation of Capuchin Search Algorithm Through Non-linear Problems, and Optimization of Gear Train Design Problem

“…Ehteram et all used the CapSA algorithm as a basis for training ANNs to carry out evaporation prediction [26]. Alphonse et all used the ECapSA technique, a combination of CapSA and wild horse optimizer, to enable the simultaneous allocation of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) and photovoltaic (PV) energy sources in the smart grid [27]. The gear train design problem, which is optimized in this study, has been studied by many metaheuristic algorithms before and effective results have been obtained [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Blockchain and Double Auction-Based Trustful EVs Energy Trading Scheme for Optimum Pricing

“…To address the aforementioned issues, many researchers across the globe have incorporated the energy trading mechanism to fulfill the energy requirement of EVs. For example, the authors in [10] discussed the energy trading between EVs and mobile CSs by formulating an incentive mechanism to provide a fair and trusted environment for EVs involved in energy trading [11]. However, the inclusion of mobile CS can be a disadvantage for massive EVs arriving for charging.…”