Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Paracetamol, and Caffeine Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Modified Electrode

Abstract

In the present paper, graphene oxide was directly electrodeposited by means of cyclic voltammetric techniques on the glassy-carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a reduced graphene-oxide-modified electrode (ErGO/GCE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV) had been utilized to study the electrochemical behavior of ErGO/GCE toward ascorbic acid (AA), paracetamol (PA), and caffeine (CA). Differential pulse voltammetry results show that AA, PA, and CA could be detected selectively and sensitively on ErGO/GCE with peak-to-peak separation of 312 mV and 756 mV for AA–PA and PA–CA, respectively. The factors affecting the voltammetric signals such as pH, scan rate, and interferents were addressed. The results reveal that the ErGO/GCE-modified electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity in the oxidation of PA, CA, and AA. The detection limits are 0.36 μM, 0.25 μM, and 0.23 μM for AA, PA and CA, respectively, suggesting that the ErGO/GCE can be utilized with high sensitivity and selectivity for the simultaneous determination of these compounds. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used to determine AA, PA, and CA in pharmaceutical preparations.

Graphene Oxide: A Smart (Starting) Material for Natural Methylxanthines Adsorption and Detection

“…The voltammetric determination of caffeine and two other analytes on an ERGO-modified glassy carbon electrode was recently reported by Khieu and coworkers [63]. The method was demonstrated to be highly sensitive and selective and was applied to pharmaceutical samples (Table 4, entry 6).…”

Chemically modified carbon-based electrodes for the determination of paracetamol in drugs and biological samples

“…This family is composed essentially of Gr, CNTs, CQDs and fullerene. Table 2 [ [17] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] ] summarizes types of electrodes, modifiers, analytical figures of merits, and the advantages/disadvantages of each modifier used for PCT determination.…”

“…For example, Phong et al. [ 38 ] reported an ERGO modified GCE for the simultaneous determination of PCT, caffeine, and ascorbic acid. The ERGO/GCE was prepared from graphite to GO using the modified Hummers process and then electrochemical reduction of GO in suspension to Gr on GCE by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with a potential ranging from 0 V to 1.5 V, as illustrated in Fig.…”

ZIF-67/g-C3N4-Modified Electrode for Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Uric Acid and Acetaminophen with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide as Discriminating Agent

“…There exist two approaches to overcome these issues in electrochemical analysis: (i) using an electrode modified with hybrid nanomaterials to improve the interaction of electrospecies and electrode and subsequently increase the peakpeak separation of analytes and electrochemical signals. Phong et al [4] studied the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, paracetamol, and caffeine using an electrochemically rGO-modified electrode. Kutluay and Aslanoglu [5] reported the selective determination of ACE in the presence of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes.…”