Simultaneous UHPLC/DAD/(+/−)HESI–MS/MS Analysis of Phenolic Acids and Nepetalactones in Methanol Extracts of Nepeta Species: A Possible Application in Chemotaxonomic Studies

Abstract

The described targeted metabolomic approach proved to be highly beneficial in designing a phytochemical overview of the genus Nepeta, and might have applications in further clarification of phylogenetic relations. Furthermore, it has the potential to be implemented in a routine quality control of plant material and herbal preparations.

Cytotoxic activity of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević essential oil and its mode of action

“…Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević (fam. Lamiaceae) belongs tothe genus Nepeta (catmints), which comprises species that con-tain a variety of secondary metabolites belonging to terpenoids(monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids)and phenolics Sharma and Cannoo, 2013;Mišić et al, 2015). Numerous Nepeta species are traditionally usedfor the treatment of different gastrointestinal and respiratory dis-orders such as colic, diarrhea, cough and asthma due to spasmolyticand myorelaxant activities (Gilani et al, 2009;Formisano et al,2011).…”

“…Several studies investigatedthe cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of various Nepeta species Tsuruoka et al, 2012;Kahkeshani et al, 2014;Shakeri et al, 2014Shakeri et al, , 2016. The majority of aforementioned bio-logical activities of Nepeta species are ascribed to nepetalactones,cyclopentanoid monoterpenes which are usually the main con-stituents of the essential oils (Birkett et al, 2011;Formisano et al,2011;Stojanović et al, 2005;Nestorović et al, 2010;Kumar et al,2014;Mišić et al, 2015). Certain Nepeta species (Nestorović et al,2010;Sharma and Cannoo, 2013) do not produce nepetalactones(or produce them in small amounts), thus their biological activ-ity could be attributed to other terpenoid or phenolic compounds (Nestorović et al, 2010;Formisano et al, 2011;Mišić et al, 2015).…”

“…Until now various biological activities of N. rtanjen-sis are well demonstrated: antibacterial (Stojanović et al, 2005;Nestorović et al, 2010), antifungal (Stojanović et al, 2005;Ljaljević Grbić et al, 2008;Nestorović et al, 2010), allelopathic (Nestorović Živković et al, 2016), and phytotoxic (Dmitrović et al, 2015). Theessential oil (EO) of N. rtanjensis is characterized by a high content oftrans-cis nepetalactone which is considered to be the main compo-nent principally responsible for the biological activities (Stojanovi´cet al, 2005;Nestorovi´c et al, 2010;Mišić et al, 2015). To our knowl-edge there are no data about the cytotoxic activities of this EO.…”

Elicitation effects of synthetic 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane and 2,5-diphenyltiophene in shoot cultures of two Nepeta species

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Majority of the pharmacological and biological activities of Nepeta species are generally attributed to nepetalactone, an iridoid monoterpene lactone, which is dominantly present in the essential oils (EOs) of these plants. 17,[20][21][22][23] Nepetalactones (C 10 H 14 O 2 ) exist in the form of 8 stereoisomers, i.e., 4 diastereoisomers and their corresponding enantiomers, 24 but only 7S diastereoisomers are present in the natural environment. Stereochemistry of nepetalactones determines their biological activity.…”

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31] Besides the nepetalactones, the most important bioactive substances in Nepeta species are phenolic acids. 1,23 In the Lamiaceae family the most abundant phenolic acids are rosmarinic and caffeic acids, 32 but the presence of rosmarinic acid (RA) is limited to Nepetoideae subfamily. 33 The methanol extracts of certain Nepeta species possess considerable antioxidant activity, which was attributed to phenolic acids, primarily to rosmarinic acid.…”