Simultaneous treatment of reject brine and capture of carbon dioxide: A comprehensive review

Mustafa, Jawad; Mourad, Aya A-H. I.; Al‐Marzouqi, Ali H.; El‐Naas, Muftah H.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114386

Cited by 67 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…[ 1 , 2 ] for the reaction of CO 2 with ammoniated brine. The interfacial area, mass and heat transfer were found to be enhanced by the addition of mixing particles [ 3 ]. Ibrahim et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD and statistical approach to optimize the average air velocity and air volume fraction in an inert-particles spouted-bed reactor (IPSBR) system

Mohammad

Mourad

Al‐Marzouqi

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Inert-particles spouted bed reactor (IPSBR) is characterized by intense mixing generated by the circular motion of the inert particles. The operating parameters play an important role in the performance of the IPSBR system, and therefore, parameter optimization is critical for the design and scale-up of this gas–liquid contact system. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides detailed modeling of the system hydrodynamics, enabling the determination of the operating conditions that optimize the performance of this contact system. The present work optimizes the main IPSBR operating parameters, which include a feed-gas velocity in the range 0.5–1.5 m/s, orifice diameter in the range 0.001–0.005 m, gas head in the range 0.15–0.35 m, mixing-particle diameter in the range 0.009–0.0225 m, and mixing-particle to reactor volume fraction in the range 2.0–10.0 vol % (which represents 0.01–0.1 kg of mixing particles loading). The effects of these parameters on the average air velocity and average air volume fraction in the upper, middle, and conical regions of the reactor were studied. The specific distance for each region has been measured from the orifice point to be 50 mm for the conical region, 350 mm for the middle region and 550 mm for the upper rejoin. The selected factors were optimized to obtain the minimum air velocity distribution (maximum gas residence time) and the maximum air volume fraction (maximum interfacial area concentration) because these conditions will increase the gas holdup, the gas–liquid contact area, and the mass transfer coefficient among phases. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum operating conditions. The regression analysis showed an excellent fit of the experimental data to a second-order polynomial model. The interaction between the process variables was evaluated using the obtained three-dimensional surface plots. The analysis revealed that under the optimized parameters of a feed-gas velocity of 1.5 m/s, orifice diameter of 0.001 m, gas head of 0.164 m, mixing-particle diameter of 0.0225 m, and mixing-particle loading of 0.02 kg, the minimum average air velocity and highest air volume fraction were observed throughout the reactor.

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“…[ 1 , 2 ] for the reaction of CO 2 with ammoniated brine. The interfacial area, mass and heat transfer were found to be enhanced by the addition of mixing particles [ 3 ]. Ibrahim et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD and statistical approach to optimize the average air velocity and air volume fraction in an inert-particles spouted-bed reactor (IPSBR) system

Mohammad

Mourad

Al‐Marzouqi

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…From previous research works, [2][3][4] it was concluded that the impact of pH on the CO 2 capture capacity and ions reduction from the brine is rather significant. In addition, it was reported that the ultimate pH range for this process is from 10 to 12.…”

Section: Impact Of the Alkaline/metal Oxide Amount On The Initial Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The high pH value plays a significant role, as it enhances the solubility of CO 2 and increases the precipitation of valuable solid products. 2 Figure 4 demonstrates the investigation of the KOH, CaO, and Al 2 O 3 concentrations effect on the brine solution pH before it reacts with CO 2 , respectively. The addition of KOH significantly increased the pH until it remained constant at a value of approximately 13.6 at a concentration of 35 g/L.…”

Section: Impact Of the Alkaline/metal Oxide Amount On The Initial Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional Solvay process is based on using ammonia (NH 3 ) to form sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) through the reaction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with sodium chloride according to Reaction (1), producing soluble ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) and insoluble sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ). 1,2 In order to recover NH 3 , Ca(OH) 2 is mixed with NH 4 Cl according to Reaction (2), which contributes additional costs to the overall process. 3 In a modified Solvay process, El-Naas 4 replaced ammonia with calcium oxide (CaO), which provided better results with respect to pH value, CO 2 capture, and ions reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of potassium hydroxide and aluminum oxide on the performance of a modified solvay process for CO ₂ capture: A comparative study

et al. 2021

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In a previous work, the overall performance of modified Solvay process was investigated in the absence of ammonia, where carbon dioxide and brine treatments were accomplished in a single reaction and in the presence of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ). In this study, the impact of alkaline and amphoteric oxides, namely potassium hydroxide (KOH) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), on the pH level, CO 2 capture capacity, ions reduction, and type of produced solids was investigated at a temperature of 20 C and a gas flow rate of 1 L/min. At the stoichiometric ratio and less than the solubility limit, the KOH/brine mixture achieved a CO 2 uptake of 0.31 g CO 2 /g KOH. In comparison, about 0.92 g of CO 2 was captured by 1 g of CaO when CaO was added to the brine in an amount that was more than the solubility limit but less than the stoichiometric ratio. Moreover, the percentage of the ions reduction for the KOH and CaO was almost the same except for the sulfate ions, as the best removal was for the CaO. The poorest CO 2 capture and ions removal occurred with the Al 2 O 3 . X-ray diffraction was used to identify most of the solid products, and the obtained results proved that KOH is a promising alkaline for the combined process. In addition, potassium chloride crystals were produced when KOH was utilized, which is a very valuable product, and it can also be easily separated. Although Al 2 O 3 showed no reactivity, it revealed good results in terms of magnesium ions recovery and could be considered as a coagulant for recovering magnesium ions in the reject brine solution.

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“…Furthermore, some lower-emission technologies could be applied to the desalination plants like hybrid systems (e.g. solar photovoltaic cells with wind energy, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration for pre-treatment, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis, forward osmosis with nanofiltration) [38,87] or even some future CCU (Carbon Capture and Utilization) technologies to re-use the CO 2 with the brine produced in the plant to produce carbonates after a mineralization process [88][89][90][91][92]. Recently, in this line, Namany et al [93] using a holistic energy, water, and food (EWF) nexus approach in Qatar, found that diversifying the energy and water mix by introducing more than 70% of renewable energy technologies and utilizing reverse osmosis would decrease the environmental impact of this process by 60% from these two sectors.…”

Section: Table 6 Total Emissions and Difference In The Emissions Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a shift to regional and organic diets reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system? A case study from Qatar

Vicente-Vicente

Piorr

2021

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background Qatar is one of the countries with the highest carbon (C) footprints per capita in the world with an increasing population and food demand. Furthermore, the international blockade by some countries that is affecting Qatar—which has been traditionally a highly-dependent country on food imports—since 2017 has led the authorities to take the decision of increasing food self-sufficiency. In this study we have assessed the effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of shifting diets from conventional to organic products and from import-based diets to more regionalized diets for the first time in a Gulf country. Results We found that considering the production system, the majority of the emissions come from the animal products, but the differences between conventional and organic diets are very small (738 and 722 kg CO2-eq capita−1 year−1, of total emissions, respectively). Conversely, total emissions from plant-based products consumption might be around one order of magnitude smaller, but the differences in the emissions between the organic and conventional systems were higher than those estimated for animal products, leading to a decrease in 44 kg CO2-eq capita−1 year−1 when changing from 100% conventional to 50% of organic consumption of plant-based products. Regarding the shift to regionalized diets, we found that packaging has a small influence on the total amount of GHG emissions, whereas emissions from transportation would be reduced in around 450 kg CO2 capita−1 year−1 when reducing imports from 100 to 50%. Conclusions However, these results must be read carefully. Due to the extreme adverse pedoclimatic conditions of the country, commercial organic regional livestock would not be possible without emitting very high GHG emissions and just only some traditional livestock species may be farmed in a climate-friendly way. On the other hand, organic and regional low-CO2 emission systems of plant-based products would be possible by implementing innovations in irrigation or other innovations whose GHG emissions must be further studied in the future. Therefore, we conclude that shifting towards more plant-based organic regional consumption by using climate-friendly irrigation is a suitable solution to both increasing self-sufficiency and reducing C footprint. We encourage national authorities to including these outcomes into their environmental and food security policies.

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Simultaneous treatment of reject brine and capture of carbon dioxide: A comprehensive review

Cited by 67 publications

References 114 publications

CFD and statistical approach to optimize the average air velocity and air volume fraction in an inert-particles spouted-bed reactor (IPSBR) system

CFD and statistical approach to optimize the average air velocity and air volume fraction in an inert-particles spouted-bed reactor (IPSBR) system

Effects of potassium hydroxide and aluminum oxide on the performance of a modified solvay process for CO ₂ capture: A comparative study

Can a shift to regional and organic diets reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system? A case study from Qatar

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Simultaneous treatment of reject brine and capture of carbon dioxide: A comprehensive review

Cited by 67 publications

References 114 publications

CFD and statistical approach to optimize the average air velocity and air volume fraction in an inert-particles spouted-bed reactor (IPSBR) system

CFD and statistical approach to optimize the average air velocity and air volume fraction in an inert-particles spouted-bed reactor (IPSBR) system

Effects of potassium hydroxide and aluminum oxide on the performance of a modified solvay process for CO 2 capture: A comparative study

Can a shift to regional and organic diets reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system? A case study from Qatar

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Effects of potassium hydroxide and aluminum oxide on the performance of a modified solvay process for CO ₂ capture: A comparative study