With increasing global warming awareness, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), hydrotalcites and their related materials are key components to reduce the environmental impact of human activities. Such materials can be synthesized quickly with high efficiency by using different synthesis processes. Moreover, their properties tunability is appreciated in various industrial processes. Regarding their physical and structural properties, such materials can be applied in environmental applications such as the adsorption of atmospheric and aqueous pollutants, the hydrogen production, or the formation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). After a first part dedicated to the synthesis processes of hydrotalcites, the present review reports on specific environmental applications chosen as example in various fields (green chemistry and depollution) that have gained increasing interest in the last decades, enlightening the links between structural properties, synthesis route and application using the lamellar materials.