Simultaneous Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus from a Needle-Stick Injury

Ridzon, Renée; Gallagher, Kerry; Ciesielski, Carol A.; Mb, Ginsberg; Bj, Robertson; Cc, Luo; DeMaria, Alfred

doi:10.1056/nejm199703273361304

Cited by 149 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…for the breakthrough animal, even in ILN specimens on the final day of PMPA therapy, is intriguing and perhaps indicates the presence of an early low-level infection, possibly localized to the site of exposure. The observation of this delayed infection in our model (ϳ3 months later than in untreated controls) and recent human evidence (21) further support the need for adequate follow-up periods after PEP administration to monitor for delayed seroconversions.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Efficacy of Postexposure Prophylaxis after Intravaginal Exposure of Pig-Tailed Macaques to a Human-Derived Retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2)

Otten¹,

Smith

Adams³

et al. 2000

J Virol

213

125

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Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after intravaginal exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated using the HIV type 2 (HIV-2)/pig-tailed macaque transmission model. PEP for 28 days with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA; tenofovir) was initiated 12 to 72 h following HIV-2 exposure. Systemic infection was not evident in the 12-and 36-h groups, as defined by plasma viremia, cell-associated provirus, antibody responses, and lymph node virus. Breakthrough infection in the 72-h group was detected at week 16 post-virus exposure. These results demonstrate for the first time using a vaginal transmission model that early intervention after high-risk sexual exposures may prevent infection.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Efficacy of Postexposure Prophylaxis after Intravaginal Exposure of Pig-Tailed Macaques to a Human-Derived Retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2)

Otten¹,

Smith

Adams³

et al. 2000

J Virol

213

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Rapid progression to cirrhosis, within 2 years, has also been reported with simultaneous HIV/HCV co-infection following a needle stick injury. 16 Such a rapid progression is similar to that seen in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients.…”

Section: Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Hepatitis C viral infection in the immunosuppressed patient

Collier

Heathcote

1998

Hepatology

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“…In another case, an apheresis machine spilled a large amount of blood on a healthcare worker's arms and hands, and blood may have contacted an area of dermatitis on the ear. 30 Splatters from blood-collection tubes accounted for three mucocutaneous exposures: one to a healthcare worker's face and mouth 30 ; one to a healthcare worker's hand, whose skin was described as chapped with cuts and open cracks 31 ; and one to another healthcare worker's hand, where the glass fragments from the broken blood-collection tube also caused a percutaneous injury. Blood splashed another healthcare worker in the eye and on an upper extremity, which was abraded during a struggle to restrain a combative patient.…”

Section: Mucocutaneous Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupationally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: National Case Surveillance Data During 20 Years of the HIV Epidemic in the United States

Ciesielski

Metler

et al. 2003

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

174

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Objective:To characterize occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected through case surveillance efforts in the United States.Design:National surveillance systems, based on voluntary case reporting.Setting:Healthcare or laboratory (clinical or research) settings.Patients:Healthcare workers, defined as individuals employed in healthcare or laboratory settings (including students and trainees), who are infected with HIV.Methods:Review of data reported through December 2001 in the HIV/AIDS Reporting System and the National Surveillance for Occupationally Acquired HIV Infection.Results:Of 57 healthcare workers with documented occupationally acquired HIV infection, most (86%) were exposed to blood, and most (88%) had percutaneous injuries. The circumstances varied among 51 percutaneous injuries, with the largest proportion (41%) occurring after a procedure, 35% occurring during a procedure, and 20% occurring during disposal of sharp objects. Unexpected circumstances difficult to anticipate during or after procedures accounted for 20% of all injuries. Of 55 known source patients, most (69%) had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of occupational exposure, but some (11%) had asymptomatic HIV infection. Eight (14%) of the healthcare workers were infected despite receiving postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).Conclusions:Prevention strategies for occupationally acquired HIV infection should continue to emphasize avoiding blood exposures. Healthcare workers should be educated about both the benefits and the limitations of PEP, which does not always prevent HIV infection following an exposure. Technologic advances (eg, safety-engineered devices) may further enhance safety in the healthcare workplace

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Simultaneous Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus from a Needle-Stick Injury

Cited by 149 publications

References 18 publications

Efficacy of Postexposure Prophylaxis after Intravaginal Exposure of Pig-Tailed Macaques to a Human-Derived Retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2)

Efficacy of Postexposure Prophylaxis after Intravaginal Exposure of Pig-Tailed Macaques to a Human-Derived Retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2)

Hepatitis C viral infection in the immunosuppressed patient

Occupationally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: National Case Surveillance Data During 20 Years of the HIV Epidemic in the United States

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