Chiral
nanostructures are much desired in many applications,
such
as chiral sensing, chiroptics, chiral electronics, and asymmetric
catalysis. In building chiral nanostructures, the on-surface metal–organic
self-assembly is naturally suitable in obtaining atomically precise
structures, but that is under the premise that there are enantioselective
assembly strategies to create large-scale homochiral networks. Here,
we report an approach to build chiral metal–organic networks
using 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules
and low-cost sodium chloride (NaCl) in a controllable manner on Au(111).
The chirality induction and transfer processes during network evolution
with increased Na ion ratios were captured by scanning tunneling microscopy
(STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional
theory (DFT) methodologies. Our findings show that Na ion incorporation
into achiral PTCDA molecules partially breaks intermolecular hydrogen
bonds and coordinates with carboxyl oxygen atoms, which initiates
a collective sliding motion of PTCDA molecules along specific directions.
Consequently, “molecular columns” linked by hydrogen
bonds were formed in the rearranged Na-PTCDA networks. Notably, the
direction of Na ion incorporation determines the chiral characteristic
by guiding the sliding direction of the molecular columns, and chirality
can be transferred from Na0.5PTCDA to Na1PTCDA
networks. Furthermore, our results indicate that the chirality transferring
process is disrupted when intermolecular hydrogen bonds are entirely
replaced by Na ions at a high Na dopant concentration. Our study provides
fundamental insights into the mechanism of coordination-induced chirality
in metal–organic self-assemblies and offers potential strategies
for synthesizing large homochiral metal–organic networks.