Simultaneous surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and ischemic heart disease – own research and literature review
Abstract:<b> Introduction:</b> Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Tumor penetration into the inferior vena cava/right atrium is rare, as it occurs only in 3–4% of HCC patients. There are no clear guidelines for the management of this stage of disease. </br></br> <b>Aim:</b> This is a case report of a patient with HCC and tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and with advanced… Show more
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