Simultaneous solid phase extraction and derivatization of aliphatic primary amines prior to separation and UV-absorbance detection

Abstract

To overcome the problem of poor sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis-UV absorbance for the detection of aliphatic amines, a solid phase extraction and derivatization scheme was developed. This work demonstrates successful coupling of amines to a chromophore immobilized on a solid phase and subsequent cleavage and analysis. Although the analysis of many types of amines is relevant for myriad applications, this paper focuses on the derivatization and separation of amines with environmental relevance. This work aims to provide the foundations for future developments of an integrated sample preparation microreactor capable of performing simultaneous derivatization, preconcentration, and sample cleanup for sensitive analysis of primary amines.

Chemical Derivatization Processes Applied to Amine Determination in Samples of Different Matrix Composition

“…There are three types of derivatization modes commonly used in chromatography and applied to amine derivatization: pre-column, on-column and post-column derivatization [56][57][58][59][60] . The chemical conversion of amines can also be performed during sample collection and is termed in situ derivatization.…”

Derivatisation for separation and detection in capillary electrophoresis (2012–2015)

“…The LODs for amoxicillin and ampicillin were 20 and 19 ng/mL. An innovative strategy for the analysis of aliphatic amines from soil samples was shown by Felhofer et al [33]. The immobilisation of a chromophore onto a SPE sorbent allowed sample clean-up, pre-concentration and derivatisation.…”

“…This is the traditional derivatisation method which has been the most popular with 2/3 of all articles in this review . Pre‐capillary labelling offers advantages in terms of chemical freedom and handling of the reagent and analytes.…”

“…Derivatisation in CE is used to improve or enable detection by LIF, UV, chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), amperometric detection (AD), MS or contactless conductivity detection (C4D). During this review period, there were papers 18 on LIF (and LIF combined with other detectors) [, , ], 18 on UV (and UV combined with other detectors) [, , ], two on CL , one on ECL , two on AD , three on MS (and MS combined with other detectors) and two on C4D .…”

Optimizing derivatization conditions using an experimental design and simultaneous estimation of artemether and lumefantrine by ratio first order derivative spectrophotometric method

“…The reaction between artemether and hydrochloric acid is shown in Fig. 2 and involves rearrangement of groups and the addition of a free carboxylate group [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”