Simultaneous, single-pulse, synchrotron x-ray imaging and diffraction under gas gun loading

Abstract

We develop a mini gas gun system for simultaneous, single-pulse, x-ray diffraction and imaging under high strain-rate loading at the beamline 32-ID of the Advanced Photon Source. In order to increase the reciprocal space covered by a small-area detector, a conventional target chamber is split into two chambers: a narrowed measurement chamber and a relief chamber. The gas gun impact is synchronized with synchrotron x-ray pulses and high-speed cameras. Depending on a camera's capability, multiframe imaging and diffraction can be achieved. The proof-of-principle experiments are performed on single-crystal sapphire. The diffraction spots and images during impact are analyzed to quantify lattice deformation and fracture; fracture is dominated by splitting cracks followed by wing cracks, and diffraction peaks are broadened likely due to mosaic spread. Our results demonstrate the potential of such multiscale measurements for studying high strain-rate phenomena at dynamic extremes.

DATAD: a Python-based X-ray diffraction simulation code for arbitrary texture and arbitrary deformation

“…In experiments, a textured specimen can be subjected to nonhydrostatic strain, the detection geometry can be arbitrary, and the detector can be planar or cylindrical. For instance, ultrafast XRD measurements have been routinely conducted on a textured metallic specimen under nonhydrostatic compression via laser (Rygg et al, 2012), split Hopkinson bar (Lu et al, 2016(Lu et al, , 2017 and gas-gun-induced shock waves (Fan et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2019), and cylindrical detectors or other nonplanar detectors have been used in XRD measurements with laser-induced plasma emission (Rygg et al, 2020). Simulating the corresponding XRD patterns is extremely useful for such complicated experiments.…”

Full strain tensor measurements with X-ray diffraction and strain field mapping: a simulation study

“…However, it is still a challenge to measure the full bulk strain tensor, especially for fast or ultrafast dynamic experiments. The development of advanced X-ray sources such as synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) offers the opportunity to capture in situ dynamic events (Luo et al, 2012;Milathianaki et al, 2013;Wehrenberg et al, 2017;Seiboth et al, 2018;Coleman et al, 2019;Brown et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2016a,b;Fan et al, 2016;Turneaure et al, 2017;Briggs et al, 2019), including strain and X-ray diffraction measurements.…”

Texture of nanocrystalline solids: atomic scale characterization and applications

“…Single-shot X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements are necessary in dynamic experiments (Luo et al, 2012;Fan et al, 2016;Briggs et al, 2017) or in cases where orientation averaging is not feasible. If a sample is textured in such measurements, the two-dimensional diffraction patterns depend strongly on the sample texture (McGonegle et al, 2015).…”