Simultaneous Simulations of Uptake in Plants and Leaching to Groundwater of Cadmium and Lead for Arable Land Amended with Compost or Farmyard Manure

Abstract

The water budget of soil, the uptake in plants and the leaching to groundwater of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were simulated simultaneously using a physiological plant uptake model and a tipping buckets water and solute transport model for soil. Simulations were compared to results from a ten-year experimental field study, where four organic amendments were applied every second year. Predicted concentrations slightly decreased (Cd) or stagnated (Pb) in control soils, but increased in amended soils by about 10% (Cd) and 6% to 18% (Pb). Estimated plant uptake was lower in amended plots, due to an increase of Kd (dry soil to water partition coefficient). Predicted concentrations in plants were close to measured levels in plant residues (straw), but higher than measured concentrations in grains. Initially, Pb was mainly predicted to deposit from air into plants (82% in 1998); the next years, uptake from soil became dominating (30% from air in 2006), because of decreasing levels in air. For Cd, predicted uptake from air into plants was negligible (1–5%).

Composted Green Waste as a Substitute for Peat in Growth Media: Effects on Growth and Nutrition of Calathea insignis

“…The reduced growth in media T6 and T7 relative to medium T5 may be explained by high pH and EC values, the potential presence of phytotoxic substances, and problems with the physical condition of the media with high CGW content [29], [34]. Similar results have been reported by Medina et al and Bustamante et al [3], [12].…”

Long-term amendment of urban and animal wastes equivalent to more than 100 years of application had minimal effect on plant uptake of potentially toxic elements

“…Only a few studies have reported the effect of consecutive applications of organic wastes under field conditions. Cambier et al (2014) analysed the trace metal soil solution concentration and leaching after the long-term application of urban waste composts and farmyard manure in a field site in France and a prediction model was reported by Legind et al (2012) simulating the Cd and Pb uptake in plants and leaching to groundwater at the same site. Hamnér et al (2013) studied the nickel concentrations in topsoil and wheat after long-time applications of cattle manure and sewage sludge in a Swedish field site and concluded that Ni was not accumulated significantly in soil or was deposited in the crop.…”

From consumption to harvest: Environmental fate prediction of excreted ionizable trace organic chemicals

“…Due to the very low vapor pressure of the chemicals tested, exchange with air could be neglected. For a more comprehensive description of the coupled soil-plant model, the reader is referred to the Supplementary Material (S5) and to earlier studies (Legind et al, , 2012Rein et al, 2011;Trapp and Eggen, 2013).…”

“…The time step was selected in order to respect the Courant criterion, based on the spatial soil discretization (Trapp and Matthies, 1998). The system was parameterized with experimental data from Feucherolles, France for winter wheat (Legind et al, 2012). Germination and harvest of winter wheat were assumed to occur at t ¼ 215 d (4 th March) and t ¼ 365 d (31 st July), respectively.…”

“…1). A generic fate modeling approach was applied, and predictions were performed by combining: (i) the WWTP model Activity SimpleTreat (Franco et al, 2011), and (ii) a dynamic soil-plant model (Legind et al, 2012;Trapp and Eggen, 2013) coupled with a cell model for distribution of ionics within plant tissues (Trapp, 2004;Trapp and Horobin, 2005). Four geographical scenarios (Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Italy) were assessed by considering country-specific consumption/emission data and environmental conditions.…”