“…The error bars indicate the standard deviation of five measurements on five individual substrates. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values of cTnI and CK-MB were calculated by the IUPAC standard method . The results were 8.92 and 8.67 pg mL –1 (LOD) and 24.28 and 25.79 pg mL –1 (LOQ) for cTnI and CK-MB, respectively.…”
We developed a new plasmonic nanostripe microcone array
(PNMA)
substrate-integrated microfluidic chip for the simultaneous surface-enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay of the creatine kinase MB
isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin (cTnI) cardiac markers. The
conventional immunoassay usually employs a microtiter plate as the
solid capture plate to form the immunocomplexes. However, the two-dimensional
(2D) surface of the microtiter plate limits the capture efficiency
of the target antigens due to the steric hindrance effect. To address
this issue, a gold film-coated microcone array with nanostripes was
developed that can provide a large surface area for capture antibody
conjugation and serve as a SERS-active substrate. This unique nano–microhierarchical
structure showed an excellent light trapping effect and induced surface
plasmon resonance to further enhance the Raman signals of the SERS
nanoprobes. It significantly improved the sensitivity and applicability
of SERS-based immunoassay on the microfluidic chip. With this integrated
microfluidic chip, we successfully performed the simultaneous detection
of CK-MB and cTnI, and the detection limit can reach 0.01 ng mL–1. It is believed that the PNMA substrate-integrated
microfluidic chip would play a critical role in the rapid and sensitive
diagnostics of cardiac diseases.
“…The error bars indicate the standard deviation of five measurements on five individual substrates. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values of cTnI and CK-MB were calculated by the IUPAC standard method . The results were 8.92 and 8.67 pg mL –1 (LOD) and 24.28 and 25.79 pg mL –1 (LOQ) for cTnI and CK-MB, respectively.…”
We developed a new plasmonic nanostripe microcone array
(PNMA)
substrate-integrated microfluidic chip for the simultaneous surface-enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay of the creatine kinase MB
isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin (cTnI) cardiac markers. The
conventional immunoassay usually employs a microtiter plate as the
solid capture plate to form the immunocomplexes. However, the two-dimensional
(2D) surface of the microtiter plate limits the capture efficiency
of the target antigens due to the steric hindrance effect. To address
this issue, a gold film-coated microcone array with nanostripes was
developed that can provide a large surface area for capture antibody
conjugation and serve as a SERS-active substrate. This unique nano–microhierarchical
structure showed an excellent light trapping effect and induced surface
plasmon resonance to further enhance the Raman signals of the SERS
nanoprobes. It significantly improved the sensitivity and applicability
of SERS-based immunoassay on the microfluidic chip. With this integrated
microfluidic chip, we successfully performed the simultaneous detection
of CK-MB and cTnI, and the detection limit can reach 0.01 ng mL–1. It is believed that the PNMA substrate-integrated
microfluidic chip would play a critical role in the rapid and sensitive
diagnostics of cardiac diseases.
“…Notably, the uneven distribution of hotspots in the plasma matrix platform and the pointto-point variation of the SERS signal remain serious inherent challenges in terms of reproducibility, resulting in nonhomogeneous immobilization of biomolecules on surface supports, which may hinder the practical application and rapid development of SERS immunosensors. Raman imaging on large areas of three-dimensional (3D) substrates by rapidly mapping all randomly distributed hotspots enables reliable quantitative detection with SERSmapping techniques (Gao et al, 2022). Wang et al (2018) developed a highly sensitive mapping technique based on SERS for the detection of multiple mycotoxins.…”
Mycotoxin contamination in foods and other goods has become a broad issue owing to serious toxicity, tremendous threat to public safety, and terrible loss of resources. Herein, it is necessary to develop simple, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid platforms for the detection of mycotoxins. Currently, the limitation of instrumental and chemical methods cannot be massively applied in practice. Immunoassays are considered one of the best candidates for toxin detection due to their simplicity, rapidness, and cost‐effectiveness. Especially, the field of dual‐mode immunosensors and corresponding assays is rapidly developing as an advanced and intersected technology. So, this review summarized the types and detection principles of single‐mode immunosensors including optical and electrical immunosensors in recent years, then focused on developing dual‐mode immunosensors including integrated immunosensors and combined immunosensors to detect mycotoxins, as well as the combination of dual‐mode immunosensors with a portable device for point‐of‐care test. The remaining challenges were discussed with the aim of stimulating future development of dual‐mode immunosensors to accelerate the transformation of scientific laboratory technologies into easy‐to‐operate and rapid detection platforms.
“…Multiple detection platforms for cardiac enzymes are developed using a single chip with a mixture of independent CK-MB and cTnI, unlike previous complex detection platforms. [11][12][13] Multiple SERS response characteristics of CK-MB and cTnI (Figure 4C), depending on their concentrations within the clinically relevant range, were simultaneously determined for each unique non-interfering peak. Moreover, at this point, the relative concentrations were fixed at the cutoff levels of 5 ng mL −1 for CK-MB and 0.8 ng mL −1 for cTnI, [5] corresponding to the T1 value in the typical time course of CK-MB and cTnI elevations after the occurrence of an AMI event.…”
Section: Sers Immunoassaymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), associated with high mortality worldwide, is a type of myocardial necrosis caused by acute rapid AMI diagnosis. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Furthermore, the detection of these biomarkers can be used to trace the cause of death and disease stages in forensic science. [15][16][17] Most studies on fluorescencebased biomarker detection or electrochemical techniques have focused on improving AMI diagnosis accuracy and speed.…”
Rapid and precise acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis is essential for preventing patient death. In addition, the complementary roles of creatine kinase muscle brain (CK‐MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) cardiac biomarkers in the early and late stages of AMI demand their simultaneous detection, which is difficult to implement using conventional fluorescence and electrochemical technologies. Here, a nanotechnology‐based one‐stop immuno‐surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection platform is reported for multiple cardiac indicators for the rapid screening and progressive tracing of AMI events. Optimal SERS is achieved using optical property‐based, excitation wavelength‐optimized, and high‐yield anisotropic plasmonic gold nanocubes. Optimal immunoassay reaction efficiencies are achieved by increasing immobilized antibodies. Multiple simultaneous detection strategies are implemented by incorporating two different Raman reports with narrow wavenumbers corresponding to two indicators and by establishing a computational SERS mapping process to accurately detect their concentrations, irrespective of multiple enzymes in the human serum. The SERS platform precisely estimated AMI onset and progressive timing in human serum and made rapid AMI identification feasible using a portable Raman spectrometer. This integrated platform is hypothesized to significantly contribute to emergency medicine and forensic science by providing timely treatment and observation.
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