Simultaneous, Sequential, Elimination, and Wildcard: A Comparison of Lineup Procedures

Pozzulo, Joanna; Reed, John P.; Pettalia, Jennifer; Dempsey, Julie

doi:10.1007/s11896-015-9168-3

Cited by 16 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…They proposed that the costs of using the silhouette outweighed its benefits with young adult participants. However, a further study that employed a silhouette option with young adults, found that the silhouette made no difference in accuracy for TP lineups or TA lineups, as compared to simultaneous and sequential lineup procedures (Pozzulo, Reed, Pettalia & Dempsey, 2015).…”

Section: Using a Silhouette As An Additional Option In A Lineupmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Mystery Man Can Increase the Reliability of Eyewitness Identifications for Older Adult Witnesses

Havard

Laybourn

Klecha

2016

J Police Crim Psych

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Some groups of eyewitnesses, such as older adults and children, are less likely to correctly reject a target absent (TA) lineup, as compared to younger adults. Previous research reports that using a silhouette in a video lineup called 'the mystery man' could increase correct rejections for TA lineups for child eyewitnesses, without reducing correct identifications for target present (TP) lineups (Havard & Memon, 2013). The current study, using older and younger adults, investigated whether using the mystery man would also increase the identification accuracy for older adults, without impairing younger adults' identification accuracy. The results found that older adults in the 'mystery man' condition, rejected TA line-ups significantly more often than those in the control condition (52% vs. 24%), with no significant effect upon the TP lineups. For the younger adults', the mystery man had no influence on identification responses for the TA or TP line-ups. Our findings suggest the 'mystery man' technique may be beneficial for older adults, without detrimentally affecting the accuracy for younger adults, and thus could increase the reliability of eyewitness evidence, where video lineups are employed.

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Section: Using a Silhouette As An Additional Option In A Lineupmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Mystery Man Can Increase the Reliability of Eyewitness Identifications for Older Adult Witnesses

Havard

Laybourn

Klecha

2016

J Police Crim Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When the target is in the lineup, as with a TP lineup, a relative judgment is not problematic as the target is most likely to look like him-or her-self. The issue is in a situation where the suspect is not the guilty perpetrator; a relative judgement can lead to a false identification as the person who best resembles the perpetrator is likely to be chosen (Pozzulo, Reed, Pettalia, & Dempsey, 2015).…”

Section: Overview Of Eyewitness Identification Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotypes and the Familiar-Stranger: The Role of Previous Contact and Gender Stereotypes on Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Accuracy

Thompson¹

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of prior familiarity with a perpetrator and gender stereotypes on eyewitness recall and identification accuracy. Participants (N = 257) watched a crime video where the perpetrator was either someone they had never met before (unfamiliar/stranger condition), or was someone with whom they had a 1 minute exposure to prior to the crime (familiar condition). In the familiar conditions the 1 minute exposure included the target talking about their occupation; this occupation was either consistent or inconsistent with gender role stereotypes. There were no significant differences in recall accuracy or identification accuracy between the familiar or stereotypes conditions. However, when participants were asked to rate the degree to which they viewed the target as stereotype consistent versus inconsistent, higher stereotype consistency ratings were associated with reporting more total descriptors and higher proportions of correct descriptors (although this relationship was only marginally significant). On the other hand, lower stereotype consistency ratings predicted more correct identification decisions. It was hypothesized that cognitive load would influence familiar eyewitnesses memory such that eyewitnesses introduced to an inconsistent target would have better recall and identification accuracy. These hypotheses were based on previous research suggesting that memory is enhanced for stereotype inconsistent information when under low cognitive load. These hypotheses were not supported by the results as there were no group differences in ratings on the cognitive load measures. Overall, the results from the current study suggest that a 1 minute exposure to the target prior to the crime may not be enough exposure to elicit a feeling of familiarity and enhance eyewitness memory. These results also suggest that subjective gender role stereotypes influence memory for a previously met person. Conclusions and future directions are discussed.

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“…Identification data were divided into target-present lineup decisions and targetabsent lineup decisions to examine whether identification accuracy differed across lineup procedure and foil similarity. Separating the data in this way is beneficial because it has been argued that combining responses from both target-present and target-absent lineups may conceal the true effects of each procedure (Pozzulo et al, 2015). Moreover, response accuracy differs across the two conditions to the extent that one requires making a selection whereas the other requires a rejection of the lineup (Pozzulo & Lindsay, 1998).…”

Section: Hypothesis Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosticity. Diagnosticity ratios (DR) are used to gain an understanding of the likelihood of the guilty suspect being selected versus the likelihood of an innocent suspect being selected (Pozzulo et al, 2015;Wells & Lindsay, 1980). Diagnosticity ratios can be calculated by dividing the number of correct identifications (in target-present conditions) by the number of false identifications (in target-absent conditions).…”

Section: Hypothesis Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, juries often place a great deal of emphasis on eyewitness testimony during deliberation and sentencing (Malpass & Devine, 1981;Wells, 1993). While research regarding eyewitness identification has been of great interest for many years, much of the past 30 years has focused on differences across lineup procedures (e.g., Pozzulo, Reed, Pettalia, & Dempsey, 2015;Wells, Steblay, Dysart, 2015). However, one aspect of the lineup procedure literature that has been largely understudied relates to lineup construction, more specifically, foil similarity (Fitzgerald, Oriet, & Price, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Examining Lineup Identification as a Function of Foil Similarity and Lineup Procedure

Pratt¹

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The current study examined the effect of lineup procedure and foil similarity on identification accuracy. This study presented adults (N = 287) with either a modified lineup procedure, referred to as the elimination-plus procedure, or the simultaneous procedure. The level of similarity between the foil photographs and the target photo was manipulated (i.e., high similarity or low similarity) in addition to whether the target was present or absent in the lineup. Results from the current study indicate higher rates of correct identification for the simultaneous rather than the elimination-plus procedure and comparable rates of correct rejection across the two lineups. Additionally, similar to previous research, identification accuracy was highest in low similarity conditions compared to high similarity conditions. No interactions were found. The elimination-plus procedure is beneficial as it provides an additional confidence rating, taken after judgment 1. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Simultaneous, Sequential, Elimination, and Wildcard: A Comparison of Lineup Procedures

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

The Mystery Man Can Increase the Reliability of Eyewitness Identifications for Older Adult Witnesses

The Mystery Man Can Increase the Reliability of Eyewitness Identifications for Older Adult Witnesses

Stereotypes and the Familiar-Stranger: The Role of Previous Contact and Gender Stereotypes on Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Accuracy

Examining Lineup Identification as a Function of Foil Similarity and Lineup Procedure

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