Simultaneous Sensing of Multiplex Volatile Organic Compounds by Adsorption and Plasmon Dual-Induced Raman Enhancement Technique

Abstract

Developing highly efficient gas sensors with excellent performance for rapid and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is of critical importance for the protection of human health, ecological environment, and other factors. Here, a robust gas sensor based on Raman technology was constructed by an in situ grown 2D covalent organic framework (COF) on Au nanoparticles’ surface in the microchannel. Dual enhancement effects are included for the as-prepared microfluidic sensor. First, acting as a gas confinement chamber, the 2D COF could effectively capture gas molecules with high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics, resulting in VOCs’ preconcentration at a high level in the COF layer. At the same time, after being stacked in the microchannel, abundant hot spots were generated among the nanogaps of Au@COF NPs. The local surface plasmon resonance effect could effectively enhance the Raman intensity. Both factors contribute to the improved detection sensitivity of VOCs. As a demonstration, several representative VOCs with different functional groups were tested. The resultant Raman spectra were subjected to the statistical principal component analysis. Varied VOCs can be successfully detected with a detection limit as low as ppb level and distinguished with 95% confidence interval. The present microfluidic platform provides a simple, sensitive, and fast method for VOCs’ sensing and distinguishing, which is expected to hold potential applications in the fields of health, agricultural, and environmental research.

Facile synthesis of heteroporous covalent organic frameworks with dual linkages: a “three-in-one” strategy

“…As a burgeoning crystalline material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have exhibited remarkable potentials in diverse fields, including catalysis [1][2][3][4] , adsorption and separation [5][6][7][8] , energy storage [9][10][11][12] , optoelectronic devices [13][14][15] , and sensing [16][17][18][19] , due to their highly ordered structure, permanent porosity, and excellent stability [20][21][22][23][24][25] . Since the first example of boroxine-linked COFs reported in 2005 [26] , COFs with different linkages have been investigated, such as −C=N− [27][28][29] , −C−N− [30][31][32] , −B−O− [33][34][35] , −B−N− [36] , −N=N− [37] , and −C=C− [38][39][40][41] .…”