Simultaneous screening and detection of drugs in small blood samples and bloodstains

Schütz, H.; Gotta, Jan Christoph; Erdmann, Freidoon; Riße, M; Weiler, G

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00053-1

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Further improvements in reliability can be achieved by hyphenated chromatographic techniques, i.e. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [11][12][13][14][15], and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [16][17][18]. The former is still preferred in toxicological analyses owing to its better sensitivity with several compounds, lower cost of analysis and manifold acquisition costs of LC-MS system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated semiquantitative/quantitative screening of 51 drugs in whole blood as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and gas chromatography electron capture detection

Gunnar¹,

Mykkänen²,

Ariniemi³

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

111

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated semiquantitative/quantitative screening of 51 drugs in whole blood as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and gas chromatography electron capture detection

Gunnar¹,

Mykkänen²,

Ariniemi³

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

111

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“…For confirmation analysis we used an established GC/MS procedure as described by Pfleger, Maurer and Weber [83] and modified by Schütz et al [84]. Quality control was based on the guidelines of the Gesellschaft für Toxikologische und Forensische Chemie (GTFCh) and accreditation by Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle Chemie GmbH (DACH).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of the Cloned-Enzyme Donor Immunoassay (CEDIA) for Cocaine in Human Serum in the Range between the Detection Limit and the Cut-Off

Schütz

Auch²,

Erdmann³

et al. 2011

Arzneimittelforschung

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Immunoassays are used worldwide for the rapid screening of drugs. Despite the fact that they are highly valuable tools for the testing of legal and illicit drugs, there is a non-negligable risk of false-positive and false-negative findings and many pitfalls must be taken into account when using these tests in an uncritical manner and without valid confirmation procedures. In order to check the correlation between cloned-enzyme donor immunoassay (CEDIA) readings and exact determined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) values for benzoylecgonine, a total of 472 serum samples was measured with an immunoassay (CEDIA) as well as GC/MS. As a result, it was shown that in the lower area of concentration, up to approx. 300 ng equ. benzoylecgonine/ml, there is a semiquantitative useful correlation. With higher concentrations, the values shift more and more apart and many runaways are visible. Generally the use of tests for materials other than those declared is excluded from the manufacturer's warranty and is at the user's own risk, but the authors found that many immunochemical tests with a certification only for the use in urine are well suited to the screening of serum samples, and even low readings could be confirmed by GC/MS. With blood or serum as sample, it could be regularly observed that generally very small readings could not only be confirmed with mass spectrometry but could in most cases also be quantified. This was the key factor in determining the rate of confirmation in 495 cases. In total, an incredibly high reliability for the CEDIA cocaine test (via benzoylecgonine) was shown up to the area of detection (detection limit), far below the cut-off. These results confirm the extraordinary sensitivity and specificity of this test also for blood or serum as sample material to be tested.

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“…In addition, several reports have demonstrated the possibility to identify drugs of abuse, as well as ethyl glucuronide, a marker for alcohol abuse, in blood spotted on different surfaces, rather than on filter paper. As in these cases the resulting blood spots are bloodstains rather than DBS, we do not consider these as true 'DBS applications' (Schütz et al, 2002, Fuller and Pisana, 2009. Overall, two sources of DBS can be distinguished for monitoring drugs of abuse: firstly DBS obtained from adults, where the application can be classified under 'forensic toxicology', and secondly DBS from newborns, where the aim is to assess exposure prior to birth.…”

Section: Analysis Of Drugs Of Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Dried blood spots in toxicology: from the cradle to the grave?

Stove

Ingels

Kesel

et al. 2012

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

145

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About a century after its first described application by Ivar Bang, the potential of sampling via dried blood spots (DBS) as an alternative for classical venous blood sampling is increasingly recognized. Perhaps best known is the use of DBS in newborn screening programs, ignited by the hallmark paper by Guthrie and Susi half a century ago. However, it is only recently that both academia and industry have recognized the many advantages that DBS sampling may offer for bioanalytical purposes, as reflected by the strong increase in published reports during the last few years. Currently, major DBS applications include newborn screening for metabolic disorders, epidemiological surveys (e.g. HIV monitoring), therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), as well as toxicology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinct subdisciplines of toxicology for which DBS sampling has been applied. DBS sampling for toxicological evaluation has been performed from birth until autopsy, aiming at the assessment of therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse, environmental contaminants, toxins, as well as (trace) elements, with applications situated in fields as toxicokinetics, epidemiology and environmental and forensic toxicology. We discuss the strengths and limitations of DBS in the different subdisciplines and provide future prospects for the use of this promising sampling technique in toxicology.

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Simultaneous screening and detection of drugs in small blood samples and bloodstains

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Validated semiquantitative/quantitative screening of 51 drugs in whole blood as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and gas chromatography electron capture detection

Validated semiquantitative/quantitative screening of 51 drugs in whole blood as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and gas chromatography electron capture detection

Reliability of the Cloned-Enzyme Donor Immunoassay (CEDIA) for Cocaine in Human Serum in the Range between the Detection Limit and the Cut-Off

Dried blood spots in toxicology: from the cradle to the grave?

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