In this study, we
investigate the ability of barium titanate/silver
nanoparticles (BaTiO
3
/AgNPs) composites deposited on a
fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass using tape-casting method to
produce piezoelectric thin film (FTO/BaTiO
3
/AgNPs) for
piezocatalytic, photocatalytic, and piezo-photocatalytic degradation
of methylene blue (MB) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in wastewater. The
prepared piezoelectric materials (BaTiO
3
and BaTiO
3
/AgNPs) were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, UV-DRS,
TGA, PL, BET, EIS, and chronoamperometry. The UV-DRS showed the surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of BaTiO
3
at a wavelength of 505 nm. The TEM images revealed the average
Ag nanoparticle size deposited on the surface of BaTiO
3
to be in the range of 10–15 nm. The chronoamperometry showed
that the photoreduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto BaTiO
3
(BTO) resulted in a piezo-electrochemical current enhancement
from 0.24 to 0.38 mA. The composites (FTO/BaTiO
3
/AgNPs)
achieved a higher degradation of MB and CIP when the photocatalysis
and piezocatalysis processes were merged. Under both ultrasonic vibration
and UV light exposure, FTO/BTO/AgNPs degraded about 72 and 98% of
CIP and MB from wastewater, respectively. These piezoelectric thin
films were shown to be efficient and reusable even after five cycles,
suggesting that they are highly stable. Furthermore, the reactive
oxygen species studies demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals (·OH)
were the most effective species during degradation of MB, with minor
superoxide radicals (·O
2
–
) and holes
(h
+
). From this study, we were able to show that these
materials can be used as multifunctional materials as they were able
to degrade both the dye and pharmaceutical pollutants. Moreover, they
were more efficient through the piezo-photocatalytic process.