Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for highly conductive and water dispersible graphene derivatives

Abstract

A simple and effective preparation method for the simultaneous reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide (rGO) by 2,4-diamino benzene sulfonic acid has been developed. The derivatives exhibit excellent conductivity and high dispersibility in various solvents. The successful preparation of rGO and the presence of the sulfonated aromatic diamine on rGO surface has been confirmed by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while, the analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy indicated that the reduction/functionalization alters the lattice structure of GO by the increment the defect density when the 2,4-diamino benzene sulfonic acid is used. Moreover, the study of the dried products by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy suggested the turbostratic restacking of the exfoliated rGO into graphite-like nanostructures. The obtained derivative of simultaneous reduction and functionalization of GO was used for the preparation of highly conductive water-based gravure ink, which in turn, was successfully applied in printing on various flexible substrates, demonstrating its great potentiality in graphene-based flexible and printed electronics applications.

Evaluation of Inkjet-Printed Reduced and Functionalized Water-Dispersible Graphene Oxide and Graphene on Polymer Substrate—Application to Printed Temperature Sensors

“…The f -rGO is a highly dispersible material in various solvents (water and organic) without the addition of surfactants or other stabilizers. This is due to the presence of sulfonated aromatic diamines, which are covalent bonded in the rGO sheets as derived from the characterization of similar samples with FTIR spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in our previous research work [ 48 ]. The same methods confirm the presence of carboxylic and carbonyl groups in the surface of the rGO nanosheets.…”

“…The same methods confirm the presence of carboxylic and carbonyl groups in the surface of the rGO nanosheets. Practically, the reduction of GO with the 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid leads to a highly reduced and hydrophilic graphene derivative [ 47 , 48 ] ( Figure 1 ). In addition, the 3.5 wt% f -rGO water dispersion remains stable for at least one month and is ready to be used after shaking of a few seconds.…”

“…This work utilizes a one-pot reduced and functionalized GO ( f -rGO) via sulfonated aromatic diamine, which has been proven to restore an extensive sp 2 carbon network, thus posing good electrical properties coupled with outstanding water solubility, allowing for use in printed electronics [ 48 ]. Furthermore, the present work targets assessing a custom f -rGO ink and a commercial graphene ink for compatibility with inkjet printing in order to be used for the implementation of various printed electronic devices.…”

Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide

“…A similar peak did not appear in the XRD pattern of the product NR 2 , indicating the effective unzipping of MWCNTs. A new peak that appeared at 7° corresponds to an interlayer distance of 1.26 nm, and could be attributed to the catechol pyrrolidine groups and the introduction of oxygen-containing groups on the edge of each layer, similar to GO [ 36 ].…”

Transparent conductive film of polyvinyl alcohol: reduced graphene oxide composite

“…The peak at 1640 cm -1 , which is appeared in both spectra could be attributed to the aromatic C=C stretching vibration of the graphenic substrate. The rest signals that usually appeared in the FT-IR spectrum of GO are a strong broad band at 3420 cm -1 (OH stretch), a peak at 1400 cm -1 (C=C aromatic ring), and two peaks at 1255 and 1060 cm -1 assigned to the phenolic (C-O) and epoxy (or alcoxy) vibration, respectively [31,32]. However, these bands are mostly covered by the intense bands of PVA in the mixture.…”