Simultaneous Radar and Refractometer Soundings of the Troposphere

Lane, J.A.; Meadows, R.W.

doi:10.1038/197035a0

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These are often found to be in the same place as inversions (Lane and Meadows 1963). These are often found to be in the same place as inversions (Lane and Meadows 1963).…”

Section: A the Diurnal Cycle And General Characteristics Of Clear-aimentioning

confidence: 90%

Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar Echoes in Clear Air Using High-Resolution Radars

Martin

Shapiro

2007

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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The source of clear-air reflectivity from operational and research meteorological radars has been a subject of much debate and study over the entire history of radar meteorology. Recent studies have suggested that bird migrations routinely contaminate wind profiles obtained at night, while historical studies have suggested insects as the main source of such nocturnal clear-air echoes. This study analyzes two cases of nocturnal clear-air return using data from operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) and X-and W-band research radars. The research radars have sufficient resolution to resolve the echo as point targets in some cases. By examining the radar cross section of the resolved point targets, and by determining the target density, it is found for both cases of nocturnal clear-air echoes that the targets are almost certainly insects. The analysis of the dependence of the echo strength on radar wavelength also supports this conclusion.

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“…These are often found to be in the same place as inversions (Lane and Meadows 1963). These are often found to be in the same place as inversions (Lane and Meadows 1963).…”

Section: A the Diurnal Cycle And General Characteristics Of Clear-aimentioning

confidence: 90%

Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar Echoes in Clear Air Using High-Resolution Radars

Martin

Shapiro

2007

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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“…Recent radar and refractometer investigations of tropospheric structure have shown that elevated layers in the refractive index distribution are frequently observed in the stable air of temperature inversions [Lane and Meadows, 1963]. A typical value of layer thickness is 100 m, with horizontal dimensions of tens of kilometers .…”

Section: Elevated Layers At Temperature Inversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A radiometeorological study, part II. An analysis of VHF field strength variations and refractive index profiles

Bean¹,

Frank²,

Lane³

1963

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. D. RAD. PROP.

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This paper discu sses the cum ulative probability distributions of fi eld strength for four 200 km VHF p at hs in Illin ois in t erm s of a classification of r cfractiv e ind ex profiles. It is shown that exten ded elevated layers produce signal enhance ments of 10 to 25 db a bove the level observed in unstratified conditions. Assuming the layer characteristics given b y rad iosonde data, the bes t agreement between calculated and m easured valu es of fi eld strength is obtained us in g a layer model with a lin ear n-profi le. The possible influ ence of smaller layers is also discussed in relation to the observed r esults for cond itions judged to be unstratified or 'Nell mixed on t he basis of sonde data.

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“…Since clear-air echoes were observed in the 1940s, research on their cause-biological targets or sharp variations in refractive index-has followed. Research studies seeking to determine the cause of clear-air echoes have employed radars with different wavelengths (e.g., Hardy et al 1966;Hardy and Katz 1969), radars and refractometers (e.g., Lane and Meadows 1963;Konrad and Robinson 1972), and, more recently, dual-polarization radars (Mueller and Larkin 1985;Achtemeier 1991;Wilson et al 1994;Ryzhkov 1998, 1999;Lang et al 2004;Bachmann and Zrni c 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Reflectivity–Based Estimates of Mixed Layer Depth

Heinselman

Stensrud

Hluchan

et al. 2009

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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This study investigates the potential for estimating mixed layer depth by taking advantage of the radial gradients in the radar reflectivity field produced by the large vertical gradients in water vapor mixing ratio that are characteristic of the mixing height. During the day, this relationship often results in a ring of maximum reflectivity observed to progress radially outward from the radar as mixed layer depth increases. A comparison of mixed layer depths estimated from the Oklahoma City WSR-88D (KTLX) with those estimated from a nearby 915-MHz profiler reveals that mixed layer depths from the WSR-88D are slightly too high (up to 0.3 km) during the first three hours of the diurnal cycle, nearly unbiased midday, and slightly too low (0.2 km or less) thereafter. The procedure estimates mixed layer depths only during the daytime hours from 1300 to 2300 UTC. The weather conditions for the 17 days studied were fairly quiescent, with sunny skies and light winds.

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Simultaneous Radar and Refractometer Soundings of the Troposphere

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar Echoes in Clear Air Using High-Resolution Radars

Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar Echoes in Clear Air Using High-Resolution Radars

A radiometeorological study, part II. An analysis of VHF field strength variations and refractive index profiles

Radar Reflectivity–Based Estimates of Mixed Layer Depth

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