Simultaneous quantitation of zidovudine, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir in human hair by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Chu, Liuxi; Wu, Yan; Duan, Cailing; Yang, Jin; Yang, H.; Xie, Yunying; Zhang, Quan; Qiao, Shan; Li, Xiaoming; Shen, Zhiyong; Deng, Huihua

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.031

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This study found that the NVP concentrations in the hair from patients with high adherence were significantly higher than those from patients with low adherence. Previously, the concentrations of drug prototypes, zidovudine and efavirenz, in hair were also found to be closely associated with long-term adherence to the antiretroviral therapy [31]. This study also found that the concentrations of 2-OH NVP and 3-OH NVP in the hair from patients with high adherence were significantly higher than those from patients with low adherence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…As a result, 2-OH NVP and 3-OH NVP maybe have the same incorporation pattern into hair and mechanism of dissolution from hair, resulting in significantly high correlation between them. Previously, high correlation was also observed for correlation between the hair concentrations of lopinavir and ritonavir which had similar physical and chemical properties [31]. Compared to the two metabolites, NVP lacked one hydrophilic group and was a highly lipophilic molecule [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…LC-MS/MS has been widely applied because it has high sensitivity and selectivity [12,30]. Previous studies have developed several LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of NVP alone or together with some other antiretroviral drugs in hair [31][32][33]. Some rapid and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS methods have also been established for quantifying NVP and its metabolites in human serum and baboon plasma [28,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence

Yang

Chu

et al. 2020

Molecules

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The adherence assessment based on the combination of nevirapine (NVP) and its two metabolites (2-hydroxynevirapine and 3-hydroxynevirapine) would more comprehensively and accurately reflect long-term adherence than that of a single prototype. This study aimed to develop a specific, sensitive and selective method for simultaneous detection of the three compounds in hair and explore whether there was consistency among the three compounds in assessing long-term adherence. Furthermore, 75 HIV-positive patients who were taking the NVP drug were randomly recruited and divided into two groups (high-and low-adherence group). All participants self-reported their days of oral drug administration per month and provided their hair strands closest to the scalp at the region of posterior vertex. The concentrations of three compounds in the hair were determined using a developed LC-MS/MS method in multiple reaction monitoring. This method showed good performances in limit of quantification and accuracy with the recoveries from 85 to 115% and in precision with the intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation within 15% for the three compounds. The population analysis revealed that patients with high-adherence showed significantly higher concentrations than those with low-adherence for all three compounds. There were significantly moderate correlations of nevirapine with 2-hydroxynevirapine and 3-hydroxynevirapin and high correlation between 2-hydroxynevirapine and 3-hydroxynevirapin. The two NVP’s metabolites showed high consistency with NVP in evaluating long-term adherence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence

Yang

Chu

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…The proximal section of the hair sample (about 1 cm, reflecting the last month of TDF dosing) was rinsed with methanol and dried under a blow of pure nitrogen gas. Then hair sample was chopped to 1-2 mm length segments with scissors, and 10 mg weighed, processed, and analyzed using highperformance liquid chromatography (Agilent 1200 HPLC system, Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany) and tandem mass spectrometry (ABI 3200Qtrap, ABI, Foster City, CA, USA) (LC-MS/MS) [40,41]. Briefly, following the 2013 FDA guideline, The tenofovir in the cut hair sample was extracted with methanol and internal standard in a 37 °C shaking water bath overnight (> 16 h) and then analyzed by an LC-MS/MS [40].…”

Section: Hair Collection and Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing self-reported medication adherence measures with hair antiretroviral concentration among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China

Zhang

Qiao

et al. 2020

AIDS Res Ther

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Background: Antiretroviral adherence is essential to HIV treatment efficacy. Various self-reported measures are commonly used for assessing antiretroviral adherence. Limited data are available regarding the validity of those selfreported measures in comparison with long-term objective biomarkers of adherence measures such as hair measures. Methods: Self-reported adherence (frequency, percentage, and visual analog scale [VAS]) and hair tenofovir concentration were evaluated at a single time point from 268 people living with HIV in China. The responses to each of three self-reported measures were converted into percentage and then dichotomized as "optimal" (100%) vs. "suboptimal" (less than 100%) adherence. Two composite adherence scores (CAS) were created from the three self-reported measures: (1) an overall adherence was the average percentage of the three self-reported measures; (2) responses were termed optimal adherence if participants reporting optimal adherence in all three self-reported measures, while were termed suboptimal adherence. Hair tenofovir concentration was also dichotomized as "optimal" (above the limit of quantitation, 36 pg/mg) vs. "suboptimal" adherence (blow 36 pg/mg). Spearman correlation, kappa statistics, and logistic regression analysis were used to calculate the correlations, agreements, and predictions of self-reported measures with hair measure, respectively. Results: Overall adherence, but any of the three self-reported adherence, was correlated with hair tenofovir concentration (r = 0.13, p < 0.05). Self-reported optimal adherence in VAS and CAS measures were agreed with and predicted optimal adherence assessed by hair measure (Kappa = 0.107, adjusted OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.03-3.45; Kappa = 0.109, adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.02-3.18; all p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: VAS may be a good individual self-reported measure for antiretroviral adherence, and CAS may be a good composite self-reported measure for antiretroviral adherence.

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“…It is only through the increased sophistication and detection capabilities of MS instruments that the microvolume DBS and VAMS sample can provide comparable data to a 1 mL blood sample. This enhanced analytical capability has also spurned the investigation of alternate less invasive biosample matrices including hair and saliva for assessing medication adherence [10,11,58,63,65,66,68,70,73,78,84,86,118,[129][130][131]. The choice of the most appropriate biosample would depend on a number of factors including the ease of sample collection from the patient and knowing if the available biosample size contains sufficient target analyte to be detected.…”

Section: Biological Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques for assessing medication adherence: advantages, challenges, clinical applications and future perspectives

Tanna

Ogwu

Lawson

2020

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Nonadherence to prescribed pharmacotherapy is an understated public health problem globally and is costing many patients their chance to return to good health and healthcare systems billions. Clinicians need an accurate assessment of adherence to medications to aid the clinical decision-making process in the event of poor patient progress and to maximise the patient health outcomes from the drug therapies prescribed. An overview of indirect and direct methods used to measure medication adherence is presented, highlighting the potential for accurate measuring of drugs in biological samples using hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) techniques to provide healthcare professionals with a reliable evidence base for clinical decision making. In this review we summarise published applications of hyphenated MS techniques for a diverse range of clinical areas demonstrating the rise in the use of such direct methods for assessing medication adherence. Although liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods using plasma, serum and urine samples are the most popular, in recent years increased attention has been given to liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) methods and alternative biosample matrices including hair, saliva and blood microsamples. The advantages and challenges of using hyphenated MS techniques to address this healthcare problem are also discussed alongside future perspectives.

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Simultaneous quantitation of zidovudine, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir in human hair by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence

LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence

Comparing self-reported medication adherence measures with hair antiretroviral concentration among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China

Hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques for assessing medication adherence: advantages, challenges, clinical applications and future perspectives

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