Simultaneous quantitation of six major quassinoids in Tongkat Ali dietary supplements by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Han, Young Min; Jang, Moonhee; Kim, In Sook; Kim, Seung Hyun; Yoo, Hye Hyun

doi:10.1002/jssc.201500207

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Three important buckets belonging to quassinoids; 8.50 min – m/z 349.158 putatively identified as eurycomalactone (C 19 H 24 O 6 ) [24, 27], 7.71 min – m/z 409.142m/z putatively assigned as eurycomanone (C 20 H 24 O 9 ) [27] and 7.52 min – m/z 425.137 putatively identified as 13α-(21)-epoxyeurycomanone [24, 27] were detected. Eurycomanone is the most abundant phytochemical quassinoids in E. longifolia roots [24, 27 and 29] which has stable composition (not easily metabolized) [30]. A study by Low et al [31] reported that eurycomanone and 13α-(21)-epoxyeurycomanone possessed good physicochemical properties such as chemical stability, plasma stability, plasma protein binding, solubility and permeability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-Based Metabolomics and Multivariate Analyses Reveal Metabolite Variations in Different Propagation Methods of Eurycoma longifolia Roots Harvested at Different Ages and Locations

Alias

Azizan

Basherudin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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28Eurycoma longifolia is a well-known medicinal plant with pharmacological effects and 29 important bioactive compounds such as alkaloids and quassinoids. The suitable age of 30 harvesting E. longifolia root for commercial use is relatively unknown and could influence the 31 overall bioactive compounds present in the plant. In this study, non-targeted liquid 32 chromatography mass spectrometer (LC-MS) and multivariate analyses (MVA) were 33 performed to determine the chemical constituent of aqueous extract of 3-month-old E. 34 longifolia hairy root (HR) culture, 1-, 4-and 11-year-old harvested E. longifolia roots. 35 Unsupervised principle component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least square 36 discriminant analysis (PLSDA) were applied to evaluate metabolic similarities and differences 37 in E. longifolia roots and hairy root in response to different harvesting age, locations and 38 propagation methods. A total of 34 significant buckets with variable importance in projection 39 (VIP) exceeding 1 were selected and identified. It was found that putatively identified 40 quassinoids were significantly higher in 1-, 4-and 11-year-old E. longifolia roots whereas 41 putative canthin-6-one alkaloids were abundantly present in 3-month-old E. longifolia hairy 42 root (HR). These findings may be applicable to improve the harvesting age and increase the 43 content of bioactive compounds in E. longifolia roots. 44 Introduction 54 Eurycoma longifolia Jack, locally known as Tongkat Ali, is an herbaceous tree of the family 55 Simaroubaceae, commonly found in Southeast Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, 56 Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos. E. longifolia, particularly its roots is traditionally 57 used for improvement of general health and libido. E. longifolia roots have been reported to 58 exhibit various pharmacological and biological activities such as antimicrobial [1-4], anti-59 diabetic [5], antimalarial [6, 7], aphrodisiac activities [8] and cytotoxicity against cancerous 60 cells [9-11]. The chemical profiling of E. longifolia root extract indicates alkaloids and 61 quassinoids derivatives as the major bioactive compounds found in this plant [12, 28]. 62 Quassinoids, particularly eurycomanone and their derivatives were reported to be abundant in 63 E. longifolia roots and responsible for various pharmacological properties. 64 The increasing demands of E. longifolia root as herbal medicinal products have been 65 impeded by the slow growth and late maturity of this plant. The suitable harvesting age of E. 66 longifolia roots is unclear, but for commercial use, E. longifolia roots are usually harvested at 67 the age of four years old [13]. Today, approximately 21,000 kg of E. longifolia were harvested 68 to meet a demand of more than 54,000 kg per year [12]. As a result, this practice has led to 69 excessive exploitation, extinction and adulterations in E. longifolia based products. Therefore, 70 there is a need to standardize harvesting age to ensure sufficient supply and sustainability of 71...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-Based Metabolomics and Multivariate Analyses Reveal Metabolite Variations in Different Propagation Methods of Eurycoma longifolia Roots Harvested at Different Ages and Locations

Alias

Azizan

Basherudin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Eurycomanone is the major quassinoid found in E. longifolia extracts, and it is supposed to be primarily responsible for the pharmacological or biological activities of E. longifolia , as mentioned earlier (Chan, Choo, Morita, & Itokawa, ; Chua et al, ; Han, Kim, Rehman, Choe, & Yoo, ; Han, Jang, Kim, Kim, & Yoo, ; Low, Choi, Wahab, Das, & Chan, ; Low et al, ; Miyake, Tezuka, Awale, Li, & Kadota, ; Teh et al, ; Wong et al, ; Zakaria, Rahmat, Pihie, Abdullah, & Houghton, ). It has been reported that the content of eurycomanone in E. longifolia root extracts reaches 9.95% (Han et al, , ; Teh, Murugaiyah, & Chan, ). Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, eurycomanone has not yet been found in other plants besides E. longifolia , and it is considered a characteristic and bioactive marker compound of E. longifolia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Owing to some general limitations with HPLC‐UV in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and analytical run‐time, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has become popular for pharmacokinetic analysis in most laboratories. Mass spectrometry methods for the detection of eurycomanone in raw materials have been developed (Chua et al, ; Teh et al, ), including our recently published work (Han et al, ); however, a validated LC–MS/MS‐based bioanalytical method for determining eurycomanone in plasma has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of eurycomanone in rat plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic study

Rehman

Choi

Han

et al. 2016

Biomedical Chromatography

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In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and reliable hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method for the determination of eurycomanone in rat plasma was developed and validated. Plasma samples were pretreated with a protein precipitation method and quercitrin was used as an internal standard (IS). A HILIC silica column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3 μm) was used for hydrophilic-based chromatographic separation, using the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid with acetonitrile in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Precursor-product ion pairs for multiple-reaction monitoring were m/z 409.1 → 391.0 for eurycomanone and m/z 449.1 → 303.0 for IS. The linear range was 2-120 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were between 95.5 and 103.4% with a precision of <4.2%. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic analysis of eurycomanone in rat plasma after oral dosing with pure compound and E. longifolia extract. The C and AUC , respectively, were 40.43 ± 16.08 ng/mL and 161.09 ± 37.63 ng h/mL for 10 mg/kg eurycomanone, and 9.90 ± 3.97 ng/mL and 37.15 ± 6.80 ng h/mL for E. longifolia extract (2 mg/kg as eurycomanone). The pharmacokinetic results were comparable with each other, based on the dose as eurycomanone.

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“…melaporkan bahwa ekstrak hidroalkohol akar E. longifolia mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan anti-inflamasi secara in vitro (5) . Pada uji in vivo ekstrak metanol akar E. longifolia dilaporkan mempunyai aktivitas analgesik dan antiinflamasi (6) .…”

Section: Bahan Dan Metodeunclassified

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Eurycoma longifolia root in Mice

Hendra

Susana

Permatasari

et al. 2018

jifi

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This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory acitvities of Eurycoma longifolia root in mice. The analgesic effect was assessed using chemical stimuli (wrihting test) to induce peripheral pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. This study exhibites that Eurycoma longifolia root possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in mice.

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Simultaneous quantitation of six major quassinoids in Tongkat Ali dietary supplements by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

LC-Based Metabolomics and Multivariate Analyses Reveal Metabolite Variations in Different Propagation Methods of Eurycoma longifolia Roots Harvested at Different Ages and Locations

LC-Based Metabolomics and Multivariate Analyses Reveal Metabolite Variations in Different Propagation Methods of Eurycoma longifolia Roots Harvested at Different Ages and Locations

Determination of eurycomanone in rat plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic study

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Eurycoma longifolia root in Mice

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