Simultaneous quantification of microcystins and nodularin in aerosol samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

The method was applied to ten aerosol samples from the Venice Lagoon. In these samples, trace concentrations of MC-LA ranging between 90 fg m(-3) and 706 fg m(-3), MC-LF between n.d. and 369 fg m(-3) and MC-LW between n.d. and 262 fg m(-3). This is the first study to quantify the cyanotoxins in Venetian aerosol samples using the HPLC/(-)ESI-MS/MS.

An integrated strategy for rapid and accurate determination of free and cell-bound microcystins and related peptides in natural blooms by liquid chromatography–electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry using both positive and negative ionization modes

“…Negative ionization mode by MALDI and ESI presented low absolute intensities but also low background and therefore provided suitable S/N ratios. According to other authors [19][20][21]44], as shown Table S1 of supplementary data, the analysis of MCs containing no Arg residue such as MC-LA, -LF, -LW and -LY presented high sensitivity in negative ionization mode.…”

“…Typically, the positive ionization mode is the most usually ionization mode employed. Additionally, electrospray (ESI) recorded in negative ion mode has recently been applied to the analysis of MCs [19][20][21]. In order to have faster methods for toxin analysis: ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) [22][23][24], on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) [25][26][27][28] and direct analysis without prior extraction [29,30] and chromatographic separation [31,32] have been implemented in several works.…”

Liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization ion trap MS2 mass spectrometry application for the determination of microcystins occurrence in Southern Portugal water reservoirs

“…The negative mode of ionization usually is not considered for analytical purposes. Recently, Gambaro et al (2012) applied successfully a negative ionization electrospray sensitive method to aerosol samples, using a triple quadrupole MS spectrometer equipped with a turbo V source. Using such experimental conditions, the negative full-scan mass spectra for MC-RR-YR-shown the prevalent presence of [M-2H] 2À .…”

“…Single [MþH] þ and double charged [Mþ2H] 2þ ions are frequently observed in the positive mode, especially for variants containing basic arginine residues, such as MC-RR (Dörr et al, 2010). However, recently, Dörr et al (2011) presented an extensive study with the mass spectra characterization of several microcystins after negative electrospray ionization and Gambaro et al (2012) presented a negative ionization electrospray quantitative method, using liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole, applied to aerosol samples from Venice Lagoon, reaching detection limits of 1 ng/L. This work presents the development and application of an analytical LC/ESI/MS 2 ion trap method, using the negative ionization mode, which can be used as a sensitive and accurate tool for the characterization of environmental and health risks due to cyanotoxins.…”

Pulsed galvanostatic control of a solid-contact ion-selective electrode for potentiometric biosensing of microcystin-LR

“…Up to now, chromatographic techniques with different detection principles such as, UV absorption and mass spectrometry are prior options to identify the variants and quantify the concentrations of MCs in aquatic environment [7][8][9]. Capillary electrophoresis has also been applied to the separation and anal-ysis of MCs [10].…”