Simultaneous production of syngas and magnetic biochar via pyrolysis of paper mill sludge using CO 2 as reaction medium

A sustainable biochar catalyst synergized with copper heteroatoms and CO2 for singlet oxygenation and electron transfer routes

“…The CO2 medium promoted the formation of both micropores (219 m 2 g −1 ) and meso/macro-pores (139 m 2 g −1 ), as a result of intensive carbon reforming via Boudouard reaction (C + CO2 2CO) taking place at ≥ 710 °C. 24,33,34 The use of CO2 may also react with the pore-blocking condensable hydrocarbons (e.g., volatile organic compounds and tars), which could be converted into gaseous products to free the blocked pores and/or create new ones. 30,46 The SSA increased from 358 m 2 g -1 for the control CO2-GBC to 388 m 2 g −1 and 468 m 2 g -1 for the Cu-GBC5C…”

“…[17][18][19] The versatile physicochemical properties of biochar are primarily determined by its intrinsic atomic arrangement of a carbon matrix, structural defective sites, pore structure, and surface functional groups. 18,20,21 To date, engineered metal-biochar composites with desirable physicochemical properties have been fabricated by introducing various multivalent transition metal components (Fe 0 , 13,22,23 Fe3O4, [24][25][26] and Co, 27, 28 etc. ) into the carbon lattice to evolve versatile active sites.…”

“…Recent studies have revealed that a CO2 medium could create surface defects and oxygen-containing functional groups that significantly enhanced the catalytic performance of biochar-supported materials. 24,27,28,33,34 The catalytic reforming of carbon matrix and the potential interactions with copper heteroatoms during CO2 pyrolysis are yet to be revealed, particularly for the physicochemical properties, surface structure, and interfacial chemical behaviour of the resulting Cu-biochar composites for catalytic applications.…”

Towards practical application of gasification: a critical review from syngas and biochar perspectives

“…Gasifying agents affect the carbon conversion efficiency, the composition and heating value of product gas, and the physical and chemical properties of gasification biochar. Typical gasifying agents include steam, air, O2, CO2, and a mixture of them (Cho et al, 2017b). Due to its natural availability, air is the most common gasifying agent.…”

Paper mill sludge‐based carbon quantum dots as a specifically ratiometric fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of coptisine

“…Paper mill sludge (PMS), is generated in the process of treating wastewater from papermaking procedures which may pose a potential threat to the environment. [ 22 ] Landfilling, incineration, gasification and pyrolysis are the common disposal methods for PMS. [ 23 ] These treatment methods can cause irreversible harm to the environment, such as surface water pollution, greenhouse gases emission, and high energy consumption.…”