Simultaneous pretreatment and hydrolysis of hardwood biomass species catalyzed by combination of modified activated carbon and ionic liquid in biphasic system

Production of furans from C5 and C6 sugars in the presence of polar organic solvents

“…1,26 Several strategies have been employed to improve the sugarto-furan selectivity. [1][2][3][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The parameters used for optimizing this reaction are the choice of the catalyst and possible additives, such as halide salts or metal ions, but also changing the characteristics of the solvent system. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Most of the strategies applied to optimize this selectivity have been recently reviewed.…”

“…[1][2][3][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The parameters used for optimizing this reaction are the choice of the catalyst and possible additives, such as halide salts or metal ions, but also changing the characteristics of the solvent system. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Most of the strategies applied to optimize this selectivity have been recently reviewed. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Shuai and Luterbacher reviewed the effect of solvents on general biomass processing, focusing on the solvent effect on the behavior of the biopolymers lignin and cellulose.…”

“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Most of the strategies applied to optimize this selectivity have been recently reviewed. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Shuai and Luterbacher reviewed the effect of solvents on general biomass processing, focusing on the solvent effect on the behavior of the biopolymers lignin and cellulose. 30 Lee and Wu reviewed all the solvent systems used in furfural production, including ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents.…”

Potential of Wheat Milling Byproducts to Produce Fermentable Sugars via Mild Ethanol–Alkaline Pretreatment

“…Several pretreatment strategies targeting the liberation of cellulose and hemicellulose have been explored, such as steam explosion, ball milling, liquid hot water, − concentrated NaOH, metal carbonate, , sulfuric acid, , formic acid, , organosolv, − ionic liquids, − LHW and disk milling, and acid methanol . Individual and combined pretreatment methods are capable of loosening the recalcitrant structures .…”

3-Bromopyridine-Heterogenized Phosphotungstic Acid for Efficient Trimerization of Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural with 2-Methylfuran to C21 Fuel Precursor

“…In particular, phosphotungstic acid (HPW, H 3 PW 12 O 40 ) has a tetrahedral PO 4 core in the center of the anion structure, surrounded by twelve WO 6 polyhedra via oxygen atoms to link each other, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity for upgrading biomassderived compounds into different valuable chemicals and biofuels [33,34]. However, it should be mentioned that HPW is extremely soluble into most polar solvents, difficult to separate, corrosive to reactors, and polluted to the environment [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Taking the above problems into consideration, it is highly desirable to heterogenize HPW using a high-efficiency method.…”