Simultaneous Presentations of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis in a Case of Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized with arterial and venous thrombosis. In this article, a 38-year-old man presented with headache and swelling of his left limb, which had lasted for 2 months. Duplex ultrasonography showed thrombosis of the left femoral vein. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging also showed cerebral sinus thrombosis. Serological examination showed that antiphospholipid syndrome was the underlying disease condition in this patient. Despite adequate anticoagulant therapy, deep vein thrombosis and cerebral sinus thrombosis exacerbated, resulting in inferior vena cava occlusion, papilloedema, and abducent nerve paralysis. Optic canal decompression and cistern-peritoneal shunt operation were performed, following which his neurological symptoms were relieved. The occurrence of cerebral sinus thrombosis as initial presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome is extremely rare and remains a diagnostic challenge. Although the clinical presentation is highly variable, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with recent unusual headaches. Improved diagnosis and treatment strategy may ultimately improve the clinical outcome of these patients.

Antiphospholipid syndrome presenting as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case series and a review

“…Cerebrovascular accident is the most common arterial manifestation and is the presenting feature in approximately a fourth of patients with APS 2. Rarely, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is the initial presenting symptom 4. APS is one of few medical conditions which can cause venous and arterial thrombosis.…”

Simultaneous Occurrence of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Carotid Artery Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

“…reported a male patient with simultaneous presentations of deep vein thrombosis and cerebral sinus thrombosis in primary APS. [ 9 ] However, our patient had simultaneous occurrence of deep vein thrombosis and carotid artery thrombosis.…”

Characteristics and Management of Autoimmune Disease-Associated Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

“…APS is commonly secondary to SLE but can also be idiopathic, and CVST is less common than transient ischaemic aneurysm or stroke (25). APS with CVST as the initial presentation was first reported in 2009 (26). The main symptoms of APS-related CVST are headache (85%), visual defect (40%), and cognitive impairment (25%).…”