Simultaneous presence of hypercoagulation and increased clot lysis time due to IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8

Bester, Janette; Matshailwe, Christina; Pretorius, Etheresia

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.007

Cited by 69 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The degree of rupture of this homeostasis is unknown in SCD, but some studies have investigated the consequences of various inflammatory molecules on RBC properties. Bester et al (105,106) recently demonstrated that IL-8 affects the shape of healthy RBCs with morphological changes typical of those occurring during eryptosis. Circulating extracellular histones (i.e., a marker of NETosis) have recently been reported to promote eryptosis in healthy donors, ending with increased RBC phosphatidylserine externalization and RBC shrinkage (107).…”

Section: Inflammation and Rbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Red Blood Cell—Inflammation Vicious Circle in Sickle Cell Disease

2020

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Section: Inflammation and Rbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Red Blood Cell—Inflammation Vicious Circle in Sickle Cell Disease

2020

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“…These morphological features are suggestive of platelet apoptosis, cell death. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] HIV infection has also been associated with similar morphological features. 42 Platelet destruction is predominant early in the HIV disease course, whereas decreased platelet production is the main cause later in the disease course.…”

Section: Circulating Inflammatory Markers and Their Effects On The Hementioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is well known that circulating inflammatory markers have a pronounced pathological effect on platelet structure and function. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The usual morphology of activated platelets is characterized by membrane blebbing, platelet spreading, and extensive pseudopodia formation. 36 These ultrastructural changes have been documented in disease (e.g., asthma, cancer, thrombotic disease, bleeding disorders) and aging.…”

Section: Circulating Inflammatory Markers and Their Effects On The Hementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Clotting and Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with HIV

Jackson

Pretorius

2018

Semin Thromb Hemost

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The number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is rapidly increasing and the majority of those infected are living in sub-Saharan Africa. Some hallmarks of HIV are inflammation and upregulation of inflammatory markers. A pathological coagulation system may accompany these inflammatory changes and potentially result in venous thromboembolism such as a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this review, the authors describe the inflammatory profile in HIV, the treatment regimens currently in place in South Africa, and in particular how HIV affects the hematological system, with specific focus on platelets, red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes), and fibrin(ogen). They also discuss the presence of DVT in HIV, focus on screening tests, and suggest a more proactive approach to track the inflammatory profile of HIV patients, by specifically using parameters that might point to pathological coagulation; these should involve platelet, RBC, and fibrin(ogen) analysis. They conclude by suggesting that including coagulation function tests to study the effect of treatment interventions would improve outcomes in these individuals, as it could help in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease. Furthermore, this approach could streamline treatment strategies due to improved monitoring. A better understanding of hypercoagulability of HIV-infected patients is therefore urgently needed. In conclusion, the authors suggest a panel of pathology tests that should be considered as standard procedures when HIV is present.

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“…Although treatment of the infection with antiretroviral regimes (ARVs) is essential to addressing the pandemic, the condition is characterized by a large plethora of additional conditions associated, and also co-existing with the HIV infection, including the presence of systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation is associated with an increase in circulating pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and is closely associated with an amplified propensity to form pathological blood clots (which is associated with hypercoagulability or an over-activated coagulation system) (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis

Jackson

Goncalves

Pretorius

2020

Preprint

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Background Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more prone to systemic inflammation and pathological clotting, and many may develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as a result of this dysregulated inflammatory profile. Coagulation tests are not routinely performed unless there is a specific reason. Methods We recruited ten healthy control subjects, 35 HIV negative patients with deep vein thrombosis (HIV negative-DVT), and 13 HIV patients with DVT (HIV positive-DVT) on the primary antiretroviral therapy (ARV) regimen- emtricitabine, tenofovir and efavirenz. Serum inflammatory markers, haematological results, viscoelastic properties using thromboelastography (TEG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of whole blood (WB) were used to compare the groups. Results The DVT patients (HIV positive and HIV negative) have raised inflammatory markers. The HIV positive-DVT group has anaemia in keeping with anaemia of chronic disorders. DVT patients have a hypercoagulable profile on the TEG but no significant difference between HIV negative-DVT and HIV positive-DVT groups. The TEG analysis compared well and supported our ultrastructural results. Scanning electron microscopy of DVT patient’s red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets demonstrates inflammatory changes including abnormal cell shapes, irregular membranes and microparticle formation. All the ultrastructural changes were more prominent in the HIV positive-DVT patients. Conclusions Although there were trends that HIV-positive patients were more hypercoagulable on functional tests (viscoelastic profile) compared to HIV-negative patients, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. The sample size was, however, small in number. Morphologically there were inflammatory changes in patients with DVT. These ultrastructural changes, specifically with regard to platelets, appear more pronounced in HIV-positive patients which may contribute to increased risk for hypercoagulability and deep vein thrombosis.

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Simultaneous presence of hypercoagulation and increased clot lysis time due to IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

The Red Blood Cell—Inflammation Vicious Circle in Sickle Cell Disease

The Red Blood Cell—Inflammation Vicious Circle in Sickle Cell Disease

Pathological Clotting and Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with HIV

Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis

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