Simultaneous preparation of cellulose nanocrystals and micron-sized porous colloidal particles of cellulose by TEMPO-mediated oxidation

Peyre, Jessie; Pääkkönen, Timo; Reza, Mehedi; Kontturi, Eero

doi:10.1039/c4gc02001d

Cited by 76 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…TEMPO was also used as oxidation to prepare carboxyl CNCs [111][112][113]. However, only subfraction of raw cellulose materials was oxidized to CNCs by using TEMPO; the rest of oxidized cellulose had much larger dimensions.…”

Section: Oxidation Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

186

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The recent strategies in preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were described. CNCs and CNFs are two types of nanocelluloses (NCs), and they possess various superior properties, such as large specific surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Due to various applications in biomedical engineering, food, sensor, packaging, and so on, there are many studies conducted on CNCs and CNFs. In this review, various methods of preparation of CNCs and CNFs are summarized, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The methods of pretreatment of cellulose are described in view of the benefits to fibrillation.

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Section: Oxidation Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

186

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“…A wide range of CNC yield values has been reported in the literature, and it must be mentioned that, among other variables, the hydrolysis conditions used (concentration, time, temperature) and the method used to determine the yield of CNC samples affect the CNC yield value results. In order to calculate the yield of CNC or the fine fraction in the cellulosic samples, the method described by Peyre et al . was used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Office waste paper as cellulose nanocrystal source

Orue

Santamaria‐Echart

Eceiza

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are isolated from office waste paper using an alkali solution and a subsequent acid hydrolysis process. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrate that ink and fillers used in the papermaking industry are almost totally removed after alkali treatments. The XRD results show that CNCs obtained after 2 wt % NaOH solution treatment and a subsequent hydrolysis process exhibit only a cellulose I crystalline structure, and the crystallinity index value increases around 42% with respect to initial office waste paper. Nevertheless, CNCs obtained after 7.5 wt % NaOH solution treatment and a subsequent acid hydrolysis process show a mixture of cellulose I and cellulose II polymorphs. The thermal analysis shows that the CNCs obtained after 7.5 wt % NaOH solution treatment and a subsequent acid hydrolysis process are thermally less stable than other samples, suggesting that the cellulose chains could depolymerize into low molecular weight sugar compounds. Even though the atomic force microscopy images confirm the presence of CNCs, the optical images show that some cellulose microfibers still maintain their structure.

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“…In nature, cellulose does not occur as an isolated individual molecule but is found as assemblies of individual cellulose chain‐forming fibers. Because of the high intensity of OH groups along the skeleton, extended networks of hydrogen bonds (intramolecular and intermolecular bonds) are formed . The directing morphological hierarchy is defined by elementary fibrils, which pack into larger units called microfibrils and are in turn assembled into fibers.…”

Section: Nanocellulose (Nc): Multifunctionalization Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the high intensity of OH groups along the skeleton, extended networks of hydrogen bonds (intramolecular and intermolecular bonds) are formed. [38][39][40] The directing morphological hierarchy is defined by elementary fibrils, which pack into larger units called microfibrils and are in turn assembled into fibers. Within the cellulose fibrils, there are regions where the cellulose chains are arranged into highly ordered structure called crystallites, and disordered regions called amorphous.…”

Section: Nanocellulose (Nc): Multifunctionalization Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose reinforced as green agent in polymer matrix composites applications

Rashid

Julkapli

Yehye

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Owing to their abundance, high strength and stiffness, and low weight and biodegradability, nanocellulose (NC) is regarded as a promising candidate for the preparation of green composites. The high reinforcing effect assigned to the mechanical percolation phenomenon of NC is due to the stiff continuous networks of cellulosic nanoparticles linked via hydrogen bonding. Compared to nanocrystalline cellulose, NC fibers result in more significant improvement to the modulus, stiffness, and strength as aspect ratio NC fiber is higher compared to NC crystal. Indeed, in the case of biopolymer composites, the reinforcement effect of NC is attributed to the NC‐polymer interactions and the reinforcing effect occurring through effective stress transfer at the NC‐polymer interface. The NC‐reinforced composites tend to become more brittle as the concentration of the reinforcing particles increase up to the saturated level, due to the reduction in surface adhesion between filler and matrix. Due to its promising mechanical and structural stability, NC composites have been used widely in many industrial applications such as food packaging, electronic applications, and tissue engineering.

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Simultaneous preparation of cellulose nanocrystals and micron-sized porous colloidal particles of cellulose by TEMPO-mediated oxidation

Abstract: TEMPO-mediated oxidation of microgranular cellulose results in particles of three different length scales: cellulose nanocrystals as well as small (μm) and larger (tens of μm) porous particles with high charge density.

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Office waste paper as cellulose nanocrystal source

Nanocellulose reinforced as green agent in polymer matrix composites applications

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