Simultaneous polymerization and quaternization of 4‐vinyl pyridine

Mondal, Palash; Saha, S. K.; Chowdhury, Pranesh

doi:10.1002/app.38119

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The C-H stretching bands of the chain and the pyridine pendants are observed in the 3000 cm −1 region. For PVPQ, the appearance of the pyridinium bands at approximately 1640, 1570 and 1516 cm −1 confirm the quaternization of PVP [ 23 , 43 ]. It must also be noted that there is no trace of PVP, as evidenced by the absence of a band at 1598 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although it has been observed that 4-vinylpyridine polymerizes spontaneously upon protonation/quaternization, affording quaternized PVPs [ 43 , 44 ]; in the present study, quaternization was performed by a post-polymerization step, a strategy that yields well-defined polymers more readily [ 45 , 46 ]. Quaternized PVPs with a variety of alkyl halides have been reported, with various alkyl lengths and counterions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly(vinyl pyridine) and Its Quaternized Derivatives: Understanding Their Solvation and Solid State Properties

et al. 2022

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A series of N-methyl quaternized derivatives of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) were synthesized in high yields with different degrees of quaternization, obtained by varying the methyl iodide molar ratio and affording products with unexplored optical and solvation properties. The impact of quaternization on the physicochemical properties of the copolymers, and notably the solvation properties, was further studied. The structure of the synthesized polymers and the quaternization degrees were determined by infrared and nuclear magnetic spectroscopies, while their thermal characteristics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and their thermal stability and degradation by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). Attention was given to their optical properties, where UV-Vis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) measurements were carried out. The optical band gap of the polymers was calculated and correlated with the degree of quaternization. The study was further orientated towards the solvation properties of the polymers in binary solvent mixtures that strongly depend on the degree of quaternization, enabling a better understanding of the key polymer (solute)-solvent interactions. The assessment of the underlying solvation phenomena was performed in a system of different ratios of DMSO/H2O and the solvatochromic indicator used was Reichardt’s dye. Solvent polarity parameters have a significant effect on the visible spectra of the nitrogen quaternization of PVP studied in this work and a detailed path towards this assessment is presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinyl pyridine) and Its Quaternized Derivatives: Understanding Their Solvation and Solid State Properties

et al. 2022

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“…Also, the intense band observed at 1283 cm –1 is attributed to the inplane bending variation of the OH groups [δ(OH) nonbonded]. Importantly, the stretching band observed at 1640 cm –1 corresponds to the quaternary ammonium salt held by zP(4VP- r -ODA), , and its intensity increases with surface modification. The results of FT-IR analysis were further supported by those of XPS analysis presented in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zwitterionic Polyhydroxybutyrate Electrospun Fibrous Membranes with a Compromise of Bioinert Control and Tissue-Cell Growth

2017

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We present a method for surface modification by thermal-evaporation self-assembling of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibrous membranes with a copolymer of hydrophobic octadecyl acrylate repeat units and hydrophilic zwitterionic 4-vinylpyridine blocks, zP(4VP-r-ODA), in view of controlling biofoulant-fiber interactions. PHB is of interest as a material for bioscaffolding, but its disadvantage is its hydrophobicity, which leads to unwanted interactions with proteins, blood cells, or bacteria. Surface modification of electrospun PHB fibers addresses this issue because the hydrophilicity of the membranes is improved, leading to a significant reduction in bovine serum albumin (92%), lysozyme (73%), and fibrinogen (50%) adsorption. From a coating density of 0.78 mg/cm, no bacteria interacted with the fibers, and from 1.13 mg/cm, excellent hemocompatibility of membranes was measured from thrombocytes, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and whole blood attachment tests. Additionally, HT-1080 fibroblasts were observed to develop in contact with the fibers after 3-7 days of incubation (cell density up to 329 ± 16 cells/mm), suggesting that zP(4VP-r-ODA) provides an adequate humid environment for their growth. Providing an effective control of the surface chemistry and of the coating density, the association of PHB and zP(4VP-r-ODA) can promote the growth of fibroblasts, still maintaining resistance to unwanted biofoulants, and appears to be a promising composite material for tissue engineering.

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“…Some synthetic examples on covalent cross-linking are (i) carbon− carbon bond formation, 7−9 (ii) carbon−heteroatom bond formation, 10−12 and (iii) various other approaches, such as S− S bond 13 and tertiary amine-halogen quaternization. 14 It is important to note that some covalent cross-linking can possess dynamic reversible nature, as in the case of S−S bonds. Noncovalent cross-linking donates a generally "reversible" property, in a way that the supramolecular forces−interactions building the network can be influenced.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covalent cross-linking aims to form a linkage between independent polymer chains. Some synthetic examples on covalent cross-linking are (i) carbon–carbon bond formation, − (ii) carbon–heteroatom bond formation, − and (iii) various other approaches, such as S–S bond and tertiary amine-halogen quaternization . It is important to note that some covalent cross-linking can possess dynamic reversible nature, as in the case of S–S bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalyst-Incorporated Cross-Linked Porous Polymer Networks

Esen

Kumru

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The utilization of sunlight to conduct chemistry has been on a stark rise in the era of sustainability. A similar trend is observed in polymer science, mainly to initiate polymerization and modify polymer materials, but mostly relying on the utilization of soluble initiator/activator molecules. Semiconductors, on the other hand, grant a platform for "photoredox" induced chemical pathways, so that reductive and oxidative reactions (as well as radical formation) can be tailored according to band positions. Despite their utilization as dispersed or dissolved phases, immobilization of semiconductors on macroscale solid surfaces is attractive to entail scale-up options. In this Review, semiconductors incorporated in cross-linked porous polymer networks will be summarized both from synthesis and application perspectives.

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Simultaneous polymerization and quaternization of 4‐vinyl pyridine

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Poly(vinyl pyridine) and Its Quaternized Derivatives: Understanding Their Solvation and Solid State Properties

Poly(vinyl pyridine) and Its Quaternized Derivatives: Understanding Their Solvation and Solid State Properties

Zwitterionic Polyhydroxybutyrate Electrospun Fibrous Membranes with a Compromise of Bioinert Control and Tissue-Cell Growth

Photocatalyst-Incorporated Cross-Linked Porous Polymer Networks

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