Simultaneous on-line monitoring of propofol and sevoflurane in balanced anesthesia by direct resistive heating gas chromatography

Dong, Hao; Zhang, Feng Jiang; Wang, Fu Yuan; Wang, Xiaocong; Guo, Jing; Kanhar, G.M.; Chen, Jing; Liu, Jun; Zhou, Chen; Yan, Min; Chen, Xing

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.001

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Whereas, sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic with a low gas partition coefficient (0.69). In balanced anesthesia, propofol and sevoflurane were often used in combination to achieve a better anesthetic effect. , Real-time monitoring of exhaled propofol could make possible an objective measure of the depth of anesthesia to complement existing clinical observations . Thus, rapid response time and high sensitivity detection methods were needed for closed-loop target controlled infusion (TCI) anesthesia with propofol in the presence of sevoflurane.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Generally, several methods have been used for monitoring the concentration of exhaled propofol, such as proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), , ion molecular reaction-mass spectrometry (IMR-MS), − electron ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS), , selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), ,− and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) . Beyond that, Dong et al developed a noninvasive method utilizing a fast gas chromatography combined with a surface acoustic wave sensor (Fast GC-SAW) to simultaneously monitor sevoflurane and propofol in patients’ exhaled gas . The concentration of sevoflurane was calibrated by GC/MS, which ensured the reliability and accuracy of the fast GC-SAW system.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Online Monitoring of Intraoperative Exhaled Propofol by Acetone-Assisted Negative Photoionization Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled with Time-Resolved Purge Introduction

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2018

Anal. Chem.

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Online monitoring of exhaled propofol concentration is important for anesthetists to provide adequate anesthesia as propofol concentrations in plasma and breath are correlated reasonably well. Exhaled propofol could be detected by Ni ion mobility spectrometry in negative ion mode; however, the radioactivity ofNi source restricts its clinical application due to safety, environmental, and regulatory concerns. An acetone-assisted negative photoionization ion mobility spectrometer (AANP-IMS) using a side-mounted vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp in the unidirectional (UD) flow mode was developed for sensitive measurement of exhaled propofol by producing a high percentage of O(HO) . An adsorption sampling and time-resolved purge introduction system was developed to eliminate the interference of residual inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane based on their different adsorptions between propofol and sevoflurane on the inwall of the fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) sample loop. The effects of the inner diameter and the length of the sample loop on the signal intensity of propofol and the time-resolution between propofol and sevoflurane were theoretically and experimentally investigated. A sample loop with 3 mm i.d. and 150 cm length allowed sensitive measurement of exhaled propofol with a response time of 4 s, a linear response range for propofol was achieved to be 0.2 to 14 ppbv with a limit of detection (LOD) of 60 pptv, and the quantification of propofol was not influenced by the change of the sevoflurane concentration. Finally, the performance of monitoring exhaled propofol during surgery was demonstrated on a patient undergoing laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy combined with cholecystectomy.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Online Monitoring of Intraoperative Exhaled Propofol by Acetone-Assisted Negative Photoionization Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled with Time-Resolved Purge Introduction

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2018

Anal. Chem.

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“…In fact, the performance of the modulator speaks to the need to improve the performance of GC so much more efficient 1 D separations are achieved, such as providing 1 w b of ∼200–400 ms concurrently with a P M of ∼100 ms, so the sampling density is more appropriate. Recent advances in GC technology have been very promising in this regard, , such as resistively heated temperature programming, ,, with extension to micro-GC formats. − Developments in axial thermal gradient GC and flow field thermal gradient GC are also very promising platforms for potential integration with pulse flow valve modulation. Additionally, modulation from the 2 D to 3 D dimensions in GC 3 is naturally well suited to take advantage of partial modulation, as the second dimension peaks with 2 w b of ∼200 to 400 ms are readily achieved. ,, Indeed, this direction with GC 3 -TOFMS is reported herein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Ultrafast Separations Using Negative Pulse Partial Modulation To Enable New Directions in Gas Chromatography

et al. 2019

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Partial modulation via a pulse flow valve operated in the negative pulse mode is developed for highspeed one-dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC), comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC × GC), and comprehensive three-dimensional gas chromatography (GC 3 ). The pulse flow valve readily provides very short modulation periods, P M , demonstrated herein at 100, 200, and 300 ms, and holds significant promise to increase the scope and applicability of GC instrumentation. The negative pulse mode creates an extremely narrow, local analyte concentration pulse. The reproducibility of the negative pulse mode is validated in a 1D-GC mode, where a pseudosteady-state analyte stream is modulated, and 8 analytes are baseline resolved (resolution, R s ≥ 1.5) in a 200 ms window, providing a peak capacity, n c , of 14 at unit resolution (R s = 1.0). Additionally, the pulse width, p w , of the pulse flow valve "injection" relationship to peak width-at-base, w b , resolution between peaks and detection sensitivity are studied. To demonstrate the applicability to GC × GC, a high-speed separation of a 20-component test mixture of similar, volatile analytes is shown. Analytes were separated on the second-dimension column, 2 D, with 2 w b ranging from 7 to 12 ms, providing an exceptional 2 D peak capacity, 2 n c , of ∼12 using a modulation period (P M ) of 100 ms. Next, a 12 min separation of a diesel sample using a P M of 300 ms is presented. The 1 w b is ∼4 s, resulting in a 1 n c of ∼180, and 2 w b is ∼18 ms, resulting in a 2 n c of ∼17, thus achieving a n c,2D of ∼3000 in this rapid GC × GC diesel separation. Finally, GC 3 with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) detection using a P M of 100 ms applied between the 2 D and 3 D columns is reported. Narrow third dimension, 3 D, peaks with 3 w b of ∼15 ms were obtained, resulting in a GC 3 peak capacity, n c,3D , of ∼35 000 in a 45 min separation.

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“…Propofol and sevoflurane are commonly used anaesthetic agents in children. Both have the characteristics of high anaesthetic efficacy, rapid induction and fast recovery [ 10 ]. Recent experimental and clinical studies showed that sevoflurane may have immunosuppressive effects, and multiple studies confirmed that the immune function of children with SMPP had been reduced [ 4 , 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on T-cell immune function and Th cell differentiation in children with SMPP undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy

Chen

Yue

et al. 2022

Annals of Medicine

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Objectives The potentially different effects of commonly used anaesthetic agents propofol and sevoflurane on T-cell immune function and Th cell differentiation were investigated in patients with severe mycoplasmal pneumonia (SMPP) undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Methods Sixty children (2–12 years of age) with SMPP were randomized into the sevoflurane group and the propofol group. Patients in the sevoflurane group were anaesthetised with inhalational sevoflurane and intravenous remifentanil. Patients in the propofol group were anaesthetised with intravenous propofol and remifentanil. Patients in both groups underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy and lavage therapy. We compared the clinical outcomes, cellular immunity function, and Th cell differentiation into Th1 and Th2 levels in both groups. Results There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes and hospital stay between the two groups (7.94 vs 7.36, p > .05). However, the CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, and CD4 + /CD8 + in the propofol group were significantly higher than those in the sevoflurane group (T1 51.96 vs 48.33, T2 58.08 vs 55.31, p < .05). The ratio of Th 1 /Th 2 in the two groups was significantly increased postoperatively in both groups (Sevoflurane 8.53 vs 7.23, Propofol 9.35 vs 7.18), and the propofol group was significantly higher than the sevoflurane group (9.35 vs 8.53, p < .05). Conclusions Propofol might have a less inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes in children with SMPP than sevoflurane. And propofol may have less impact on the differentiation of Th cells into Th 1 cells and better preserving the Th 1 /Th 2 ratio than sevoflurane. KEY MESSAGES The pathogenesis of SMPP is still unclear, likely through alveolar infiltration with neutrophils and lymphocytes, lymphocyte/plasma cell infiltrates in the peri-bronchovascular area, and immune dysfunction. Recent experimental and clinical studies showed that sevoflurane might have immunosuppressive effects, and multiple studies confirmed that the immune function of children with SMPP had been reduced. This study found that propofol administered in children with SMPP had a less inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes than inhalational sevoflurane, had little inhibitory effect on the differentiation of Th cells into Th1 cells, and better preserve Th1/Th2 ratio and maintain the balanced immune function.

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Simultaneous on-line monitoring of propofol and sevoflurane in balanced anesthesia by direct resistive heating gas chromatography

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Online Monitoring of Intraoperative Exhaled Propofol by Acetone-Assisted Negative Photoionization Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled with Time-Resolved Purge Introduction

Online Monitoring of Intraoperative Exhaled Propofol by Acetone-Assisted Negative Photoionization Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled with Time-Resolved Purge Introduction

Development of Ultrafast Separations Using Negative Pulse Partial Modulation To Enable New Directions in Gas Chromatography

Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on T-cell immune function and Th cell differentiation in children with SMPP undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy

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