Simultaneous Occurrence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Graves' Disease: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature

Abstract

Two unrelated Japanese women, 41 and 27 years of age, were admitted with histories of thirst, weight loss and palpitations of a few weeks' duration. Both were diagnosed to have diabetic ketosis or ketoacidosis with acute-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Graves' disease (GD) (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 variant; APS3v), and were treated with intensive insulin therapy and anti-thyroid drugs. Human leukocyte antigen examinations showed that both cases had the HLA-A2, A24, B54, and DRB1*04:05-DQA1*03:03-DQB1*04:01 haplotype, which made them susceptible not only to APS3v, but also to both acute-onset T1D and GD. The genetic background of patients strongly contributes to the simultaneous occurrence of T1D and GD.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Complicated by Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Graves' Disease in Slowly Progressive Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (SPIDDM): A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

“…Graves' disease is the main cause of hyperthyroidism and is often complicated by diabetes (10). Although hyperthyroidism is a common cause of weight loss, there are few reports on SMAS due to hyperthyroidism (11).…”

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Accompanied by Acute-onset Type 1 Diabetes Complicated with Graves' Disease

“…Autoimmune thyroid disease includes Graves' disease, which causes hyperthyroidism, and Hashimoto's disease, which causes hypothyroidism. Excessive thyroid hormones promote glucose absorption from the intestinal tract and lipolysis, suggesting that ketoacidosis is likely to occur when hyperthyroidism occurs concurrently with type 1 diabetes ( 4 ).…”