Simultaneous multi-targeted forensic toxicological screening in biological matrices by MRM-IDA-EPI mode

Abstract

The toxicologist ascertains drug assumptions in case of paediatric intoxications and death for overdose. The analytical approach consists of initially screening and consequently confirming drug positivity. We developed a toxicological screening method and validated its use comparing the results with a LC–MS/MS analysis. The method identifies 751 drugs and metabolites (704 in positive and 47 in negative mode). Chromatographic separation was achieved eluting mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium formate) and B (0.05% formic acid in methanol) in gradient on Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl (50 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) with 0.7 mL/min flow rate for 11 min. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) was adopted as survey scan and, after an Information-Dependent Analysis (IDA) (threshold of 30,000 for positive and 1000 cps for negative mode), the Enhanced Product Ion (scan range: 50–700 amu) was triggered. The MS/MS spectrum generated was compared with one of the libraries for identification. Data processing was optimised through creation of rules. Sample preparation, mainly consisting of deproteinization and enzymatic hydrolysis, was set up for different matrices (blood, urine, vitreous humor, synovial fluid, cadaveric tissues and larvae). Cut-off for most analytes resulted in the lowest concentration tested. When the results from the screening and LC–MS/MS analysis were compared, an optimal percentage of agreement (100%) was assessed for all matrices. Method applicability was evaluated on real paediatric intoxications and forensic cases. In conclusion, we proposed a multi-targeted, fast, sensitive and specific MRM-IDA-EPI screening having an extensive use in different toxicological fields.