Simultaneous Monitoring of the Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of a Single Cell with a Single Nanowire-Based Fluorescent Biosensor

Abstract

Simultaneous monitoring of the ATP levels at various sites of a single cell is crucial for revealing the ATP-related processes and diseases. In this work, we rationally fabricated single nanowire-based fluorescence biosensors, by which the ATP levels of the cytoplasm and nucleus in a single cell can be simultaneously monitored with a high spatial resolution. Utilizing the as-fabricated single nanowire biosensor, we demonstrated that the ATP levels of the cytoplasm were around 20−30% lower than that of the nucleus in both L929 and HeLa cells. Observing the ATP fluctuation of the cytoplasm and nucleus of the L929 and HeLa cells stimulated by Ca 2+ , oligomycin, or under cisplatin-induced apoptosis, we found that the ATP levels at two cellular sites exhibited discriminative changes, revealing the different mechanisms of the ATP at these two cellular sites in response to the stimulations.

Calcium oscillations optimize the energetic efficiency of mitochondrial metabolism

“…Substrate-limited conditions lead to energy deficiency (also referred to as ATP c depletion), which we defined as falling below its physiological value of 1 mM. 46 , 47 , 48 Overstimulation of IP 3 Rs by IP 3 can lead to energy deficiency but is above all characterized by the saturation of the oscillation period or by a high steady-state of several hundreds of nanomolars. As described in subsection The relation between mitochondrial efficiency and dissipation is different in fast Ca2+ spiking regimes triggered in substrate-limited or overstimulation conditions , substrate-limited and overstimulation conditions also display different efficiency-dissipation profiles.…”

A sensitive MnO2 nanosheet sensing platform based on a fluorescence aptamer sensor for the detection of zearalenone

“…Biosensors are analytical and detection devices that integrate biometric elements and signal conversion to generate qualitative or quantitative analytical signals for the accurate determination of a target object. 12,13 At present, biosensors mainly use optical, electrochemical, thermal and acoustic components to obtain the detection signals. Optical sensor technology is effective in clinical diagnosis, food analysis, drug analysis, and environmental monitoring due to the associated low analysis cost, short analysis time and ease of operation.…”