Simultaneous Monitoring of Phosphine and of Phosphorus Species in Taihu Lake Sediments and Phosphine Emission from Lake Sediments

Abstract

Phosphine (PH 3 ) was monitored in the Taihu Lake in China by a GC/NPD method, coupled with cryo-trapping enrichment technology. Results showed that PH 3 was universally detected in sediments, lake water and atmosphere of the Taihu Lake area. Total phosphorus (TP s ) and fractions of different phosphorus species in lake sediments were separately measured as dissolved phosphate (DP), phosphorus bound to aluminum (Al-P), iron (Fe-P) and calcium (Ca-P), occluded phosphorus (OP), and organic phosphorus (Org-P) by sequential chemical extraction. High PH 3 levels were correlated with high TP s values in sediments and with eutrophication at different sites. In addition, a positive linear correlation equation was obtained between the concentrations of PH 3 in lake sediments and of the phosphorus fractions. The resulting multiple linear regression equation is PH 3 = À165 + 63.3 DP + 0.736 Al-P + 2.33 Ca-P + 2.29 Org-P. The flux of PH 3 across the sediment-water interface was estimated from sediment core incubation in May and October 2002. The annual average sediment-water flux of PH 3 was estimated at ca. 0.0138±0.005 pg dm À2 h À1 , the average yearly emission value of PH 3 from Taihu Lake sediments to water was calculated to be 28.3±10.2 g year À1 , which causes a water PH 3 concentration of up to 0.178±0.064 pmol dm À3 . The real importance of PH 3 could be higher, because PH 3 could be consumed in the oxic sediment-water boundary layer and in the water column. Spatial and temporal distributions of total phosphorus (TP w ) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in the water column of Taihu Lake were measured over the study period. Higher water PH 3 has also been found where the TP w content was high. Similarly, high Chl-a was consistent with higher water PH 3 . Positive relationships between PH 3 and TP w (average R 2 = 0.47±0.26) and Chl-a (average R 2 = 0.23±0.31) were observed in Taihu Lake water.

Phosphorus fractions and matrix-bound phosphine in coastal surface sediments of the Southwest Yellow Sea

“…Sediment was digested with H 2 SO 4 , and the liberated PH 3 gas was determined by GC-NPD. For details see references [17,18].…”

Phosphine in the Lower Atmosphere of Qingdao—A Coastal Site of the Yellow Sea (China)

“…It has also been found in Jiaozhou Bay and the North Sea (Gassmann and Schorn 1993;Yu and Song 2003), even in marine biology bodies (Gassmann and Glindemann 1993). Recently, it has been proven that sediments were the main source of PH 3 in the atmosphere of Lake Tai (Geng et al 2005).…”

“…PH 3 exists widely in the environment (Glindemann et al 2005a). PH 3 can be released from paddyfield, lake, and wetland (Devai and Delaune 1995;Geng et al 2005;Han et al 2000), and from all kinds of factory such as landfill/sewage and grain storage factory (Glindemann et al 2005a;. PH 3 in atmosphere can be produced by lightning which is still not explained (Glindemann et al 2004).…”

“…For example, it has been reported that PH 3 was released from swamps and lakes (Dévai et al 1999;Geng et al 2005). Emissions of PH 3 due to human activities are from the crop fumigation process (Banks 1994;Bell 2000) and soil release in rice culture (Han et al 2000).…”

Matrix-bound phosphine in the paddy soils of South China and its relationship to environmental factors and bacterial composition

“…PH 3 can be produced by microbial reduction of Pcontaining substances (Geng et al 2005a), which may contribute to special enzyme related to phosphine, and lots of studies (Jenkins et al 2000;Han et al 2002;Geng et al 2005b;Liu et al 2008) indicate that phosphine production presents a close relationship with microbial metabolism, or Responsible editor: Kirk T. Semple by abiotic mechanisms (Glindemann et al 1998) including phosphine generation by a combination of high temperature and chemical reduction of phosphate, for example, in metallurgy (Zhu et al 2009). However, the reductive biological generation of phosphine from phosphate is an ongoing question (Glindemann et al 1998).…”