Simultaneous Modeling of Multiple End Points in Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests

Jager, Tjalling; Crommentuijn, Trudie; Gestel, Cornelis A.M. van; Kooijman, S.A.L.M.

doi:10.1021/es0352348

Cited by 94 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…When exposed to contaminants, midges must allocate more energy to maintain survival, thus leaving less energy for their growth (Jager et al 2004). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Sublethal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicity Thresholds for Sediment-Associated Benzo[a]pyrene in the Midge (Chironomus dilutus)

Huang³

et al. 2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and have been shown to be one of the causes of sediment toxicity to benthic invertebrates. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was selected as a representative for the PAH family of compounds for developing chronic sediment toxicity thresholds for Chironomus dilutus. Life-cycle toxicity testing was initiated using newly hatched midge larvae and terminated until hatch of the second generation. Median lethal concentrations were 92.5 ± 19.6 and 56.9 ± 1.76 lg/g organic carbon (OC) after exposing midges to sedimentassociated BaP for 20 days (before pupation) and 43 days (end of test), respectively. Sublethal toxicity was described as 5 and 50 % effect concentrations (EC5 and EC50), and these were 6.63 ± 0.82 and 41.1 ± 1.61 lg/g OC for growth reduction at 20 days, respectively. Impairments of emergence and reproduction of C. dilutus were also assessed at the end of the testing, and the EC5 and EC50 values were 3.41 ± 0.53 and 26.9 ± 1.43 lg/g OC for emergence and 2.18 ± 0.34 and 13.4 ± 1.13 lg/g OC for reproduction, respectively. In addition, bioavailability-based chronic toxicity thresholds were also established using Tenax-extractable BaP concentrations. Although more environmentally relevant, data regarding chronic toxicity are less available than those regarding acute toxicity. Therefore, establishing numeric chronic toxicity thresholds for sediment-associated BaP with the consideration of the bioavailability would improve the accuracy of assessing PAH-related sediment toxicity.

show abstract

“…When exposed to contaminants, midges must allocate more energy to maintain survival, thus leaving less energy for their growth (Jager et al 2004). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Sublethal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicity Thresholds for Sediment-Associated Benzo[a]pyrene in the Midge (Chironomus dilutus)

Huang³

et al. 2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When the internal concentration increases, more and more parameters become affected, but at a sufficiently low concentration only a single parameter is significantly affected, but the consequences might be complex, involving feeding, growth and reproduction. For example, an increase in the specific maintenance rate, ½ _ J EM , leads directly to a decrease in growth, and ultimately also to a smaller adult that reproduces less while the decrease in the efficiency of reproduction, k R , leads to a decrease in the rate of reproduction (Jager et al 2004), but does not affect growth or feeding. Jager and Klok compare several DEB approaches for analysing the toxicity of copper in the earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: the Kooijman -Metz formulation (Kooijman & Metz 1984; which has no reserve or maturity), the DEBtox approach (Kooijman & Bedaux 1996; which has no explicit maturity) and the DEB3 approach (Kooijman 2010).…”

Section: (B) the Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic energy budget theory restores coherence in biology

Sousa¹,

Domingos²,

Poggiale

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

215

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present the state of the art of the development of dynamic energy budget theory, and its expected developments in the near future within the molecular, physiological and ecological domains. The degree of formalization in the set-up of the theory, with its roots in chemistry, physics, thermodynamics, evolution and the consistent application of Occam's razor, is discussed. We place the various contributions in the theme issue within this theoretical setting, and sketch the scope of actual and potential applications.Keywords: dynamic energy budget theory; biology; metabolism; ecology; evolution; energetics REACHING OUT FOR GENERALITYIn physics, there is a quest for a unified theory. Physical theories have a broad spectrum of application, a strong mathematical background and are subject to numerous empirical tests. By contrast, in biology, mathematical theory has played a secondary role because biology is frequently seen as a science of exceptions and particular cases, with little interest in abstraction and generalization. Exceptions are the research being done in the fields of theoretical biology and mathematical biology. However, theoretical and mathematical biology have frequently been carried out without a concern for empirical testing. When this concern appears, models are of narrow application, reducing their theoretical breadth. The dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory starts from the Dutch tradition of theoretical and mathematical biology, but couples it with a fundamental concern in producing general theory that is subjected to careful empirical testing.DEB theory aims to capture the quantitative aspects of metabolism at the individual level for organisms of all species. It builds on the premise that the mechanisms that are responsible for the organization of metabolism are not species-specific (Kooijman 2001(Kooijman , 2010. This hope for generality is supported by (i) the universality of physics and evolution and (ii) the existence of widespread biological empirical patterns among organisms . Table 1 synthesizes the essential criteria for any general model for the metabolism of individuals. We explore the links between DEB theory and each of the proposed criteria in the following paragraphs. DEB theory is explicitly based on the conservation of mass, isotopes, energy and time, including the inherent degradation of energy associated with all processes. So it complies to criteria 1, table 1.The DEB theory is biologically implicit, so it applies to all species. Species-specific restrictions of DEB models are explained and predicted by the theory (criterion 5, table 1). For example, consider the most important difference between DEB models, the number of reserves (biomass components that fuel metabolism) and structures (biomass components that have maintenance needs) that are delineated. This depends on the degree of coupling of the various substrates an organism needs. Animals feed on other organisms, which couples uptake of the various substrates (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nutrients) tightly and ex...

show abstract

“…This combination of toxicant and test species was chosen because it provides a clear example for a well-known test system, but this does not mean that the approach is limited to this species or this toxicant. Examples for other species and/or toxicants can be found in, among others, Kooijman and Bedaux (1996a, b), Bedaux and Kooijman (1994), Jager et al (2004), , Alda Á lvarez et al (2005).…”

Section: Process-based Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense of Ecotoxicological Test Results: Towards Application of Process-based Models

2006

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The environmental risk of chemicals is routinely assessed by comparing predicted exposure levels to predicted no-effect levels for ecosystems. Although process-based models are commonly used in exposure assessment, the assessment of effects usually comprises purely descriptive models and rules-of-thumb. The problems with this approach start with the analysis of laboratory ecotoxicity tests, because only a limited amount of information is extracted. Standard summary statistics (NOEC, ECx, LC50) are of limited use in part because they change with exposure duration in a manner that varies with the tested species and the toxicant. As an alternative, process-based models are available. These models allow for toxicity measures that are independent of exposure time, make efficient use of the available data from routine toxicity tests, and are better suited for educated extrapolations (e.g., from individual to population, and from continuous to pulse exposure). These capabilities can be used to improve regulatory decisions and allow for a more efficient assessment of effects, which ultimately will reduce the need for animal testing. Process-based modeling also can help to achieve the goals laid out in REACH, the new strategy of the European Commission in dealing with chemicals. This discussion is illustrated with effects data for Daphnia magna, analyzed by the DEBtox model.

show abstract

Simultaneous Modeling of Multiple End Points in Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests

Cited by 94 publications

References 29 publications

Chronic Toxicity Thresholds for Sediment-Associated Benzo[a]pyrene in the Midge (Chironomus dilutus)

Chronic Toxicity Thresholds for Sediment-Associated Benzo[a]pyrene in the Midge (Chironomus dilutus)

Dynamic energy budget theory restores coherence in biology

Making Sense of Ecotoxicological Test Results: Towards Application of Process-based Models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About