Simultaneous measurements of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for garnet and olivine under high pressure

Osako, Masahiro; Ito, Eiji; Yoneda, Akira

doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2003.10.010

Cited by 86 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1) shows a slight variation comparable to the measurement uncertainty of about 10 to 15% (see Supporting Information for the details). At ambient pressure, Λ anhy ≈ 3.6 W·m −1 ·K −1 , in reasonable agreement with previous measurements of polycrystalline Fo90 (22) and slightly lower than single-crystal Fo92 (25) and Fo93 (23), suggesting that, due to the iron mass disorder effect (cf. ref.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Therefore, little experimental data are available and the measurement accuracy is insufficient due to the limitations of previous experimental methods. Although the lattice thermal conductivity and diffusivity of nominally anhydrous olivine have been investigated for decades (22)(23)(24)(25), the reported results at ambient and high pressures remain inconclusive among different studies. Moreover, in contrast to radiative thermal conductivity, which is sensitive to the hydration content, the role that hydration plays in the lattice thermal conductivity of olivine has often been assumed to be negligible (20,25) due to its limited water storage capacity, typically of the order of ∼0.1 wt% to 1 wt%.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hydration-reduced lattice thermal conductivity of olivine in Earth’s upper mantle

Chang

Hsieh

Tan

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Earth's water cycle enables the incorporation of water (hydration) in mantle minerals that can influence the physical properties of the mantle. Lattice thermal conductivity of mantle minerals is critical for controlling the temperature profile and dynamics of the mantle and subducting slabs. However, the effect of hydration on lattice thermal conductivity remains poorly understood and has often been assumed to be negligible. Here we have precisely measured the lattice thermal conductivity of hydrous San Carlos olivine (Mg 0.9 Fe 0.1 ) 2 SiO 4 (Fo90) up to 15 gigapascals using an ultrafast optical pump−probe technique. The thermal conductivity of hydrous Fo90 with ∼7,000 wt ppm water is significantly suppressed at pressures above ∼5 gigapascals, and is approximately 2 times smaller than the nominally anhydrous Fo90 at mantle transition zone pressures, demonstrating the critical influence of hydration on the lattice thermal conductivity of olivine in this region. Modeling the thermal structure of a subducting slab with our results shows that the hydration-reduced thermal conductivity in hydrated oceanic crust further decreases the temperature at the cold, dry center of the subducting slab. Therefore, the olivine−wadsleyite transformation rate in the slab with hydrated oceanic crust is much slower than that with dry oceanic crust after the slab sinks into the transition zone, extending the metastable olivine to a greater depth. The hydration-reduced thermal conductivity could enable hydrous minerals to survive in deeper mantle and enhance water transportation to the transition zone.hydration | thermal conductivity | geodynamics | metastable olivine | subducting slab H 2 O plays a critical role in driving and affecting many geophysical phenomena and dynamic processes in Earth's interior (1-3). It has been suggested that olivine, a primary mineral in the upper mantle, and its high-pressure polymorphs (wadsleyite and ringwoodite) could store a large amount of water (hydrogen ions) in their crystalline defects and act as a major water reservoir within Earth (2-4). Incorporation of water in these mantle minerals has been shown to influence their physical properties (5-12) and the dynamics of the mantle and subducting slabs (13). In particular, water enrichment could influence the minerals' thermal transport properties, which, in turn, alters the temperature gradient in the mantle and subducting slabs. At the center of subducting slabs, the cold temperature inhibits the olivine−wadsleyite/ringwoodite phase transformation (14). A thin wedge of olivine could therefore persist in a metastable state far below the 410-km depth. Previous experiments on transformation kinetics have shown that the presence of water inside the slabs greatly enhances the olivine−wadsleyite/ ringwoodite transformation rate under the same pressure and temperature conditions (15-18). However, the hydration effect on the lattice thermal conductivity of mantle minerals and its consequential influence on the temperature inside the slabs that also contro...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration-reduced lattice thermal conductivity of olivine in Earth’s upper mantle

Chang

Hsieh

Tan

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Ordinary and carbonaceous chrondrites have silicate conductivities Yomogida and Matsui 1983). The conductivity of antigorite at low pressure is Osako et al 2010), the average conductivity of the terrestrial mantle is k r = 3 W m −1 K −1 (Hofmeister 1999), and olivine has a thermal conductivity of k r = 4 W m −1 K −1 (Osako et al 2004). Hydrothermal circulation, if present, could increase the effective thermal conductivity of the core by advecting heat toward the surface (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent tectonic activity on Pluto driven by phase changes in the ice shell

Hammond

Barr

Parmentier

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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The New Horizons spacecraft has found evidence for geologic activity on the surface of Pluto, including extensional tectonic deformation of its water ice bedrock see Moore et al. (2016). One mechanism that could drive extensional tectonic activity is global surface expansion due to the partial freezing of an ocean. We use updated physical properties for Pluto and simulate its thermal evolution to understand the survival of a possible subsurface ocean. For thermal conductivities of rock less than 3 W m−1 K−1, an ocean forms and at least partially freezes, leading to recent extensional stresses in the ice shell. In scenarios where the ocean freezes and the ice shell is thicker than 260 km, ice II forms and causes global volume contraction. Since there is no evidence for recent compressional tectonic features, we argue that ice II has not formed and that Pluto's ocean has likely survived to present day.

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“…previously measured thermal diffusivity of a 73% almandine, 25% pyrope garnet at atmospheric pressure and 8 GPa from Osako et al (2004) and a 75% pyrope 15% almandine 12% grossular garnet at atmospheric pressure (Hoffmeister, 2006), which are the closest compositions available in the literature. Despite the differences in composition (the present garnet is approximately 33% grossular, 20% almandine, 16%…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The case for garnet is hardly better with measurements on a range of garnet compositions at atmospheric pressure (Kanamori et al, 1968;Horai, 1971;Osako, 1997;Hofmeister, 2006, Marquidt et al, 2009) and one high-pressure (8GPa) measurement for an almandine-rich garnet (Osako et al, 2004); no measurements have been performed on majorite garnet which, in the mid-transition zone, constitutes almost the entirety of the crustal portion of the subducting slab. Here we present measurements of thermal diffusivity of a model MORB composition at 3 and 15 GPa where the stable phase assemblages are eclogite (containing pyrope-rich garnet and omphacite) and pure majorite, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal diffusivity of MORB-composition rocks to 15 GPa: implications for triggering of deep seismicity

Dobson

Hunt

McCormack

et al. 2010

High Pressure Research

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Simultaneous measurements of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for garnet and olivine under high pressure

Cited by 86 publications

References 18 publications

Hydration-reduced lattice thermal conductivity of olivine in Earth’s upper mantle

Hydration-reduced lattice thermal conductivity of olivine in Earth’s upper mantle

Recent tectonic activity on Pluto driven by phase changes in the ice shell

Thermal diffusivity of MORB-composition rocks to 15 GPa: implications for triggering of deep seismicity

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