Simultaneous Measurements of Low-Frequency Natural Electric Field at Two Neighbouring Stations

Abstract

The electromagnetic eigenmodes of Earth-ionosphere global resonator known as Schumann Resonances (SR) are excited by global lightning activity. The simultaneous measurements of electric field in the ELF (~5 -100 Hz) frequency band at two observatories clearly reveal the global character of the resonator response to the excitation both in the permanent Schumann background as well as in isolated events (transients). It is shown that measurement of ELF electric field can be done with relatively simple equipment.

Seasonal and Interannual Variations in the Schumann Resonance Observed in the ELF Electromagnetic Networks in China

“…The existence of SRs was first confirmed by Balser and Wagner (1962) in 1960 through experimental observations. To date, many electromagnetic observation sites have been established worldwide to observe SRs, including in Antarctica (the Ukrainian station) and the Arctic Circle, where electromagnetic interference is low (Ando & Hayakawa, 2006; Ando et al., 2005; Chand et al., 2009; Fan et al., 2013; A. V. Koloskov et al., 2020; O. V. Koloskov et al., 2022; Kulak et al., 2003; Nickolaenko, 1997; Nickolaenko & Hayakawa, 2014; Ondrášková et al., 2007, 2008; Ouyang, Xiao, et al., 2015; Ouyang et al., 2013; Price & Melnikov, 2004; Rodríguez‐Camacho et al., 2022; Rossi et al., 2009; Sátori, 1996; Sátori & Zieger, 1996; Satori et al., 1996; Sentman, 1987; Sentman & Fraser, 1991; Shvets et al., 2010; Tatsis et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2013a). In addition to ground‐based observations, beginning with the astute analysis of Madden and Thompson (1965), the leakage of SR energy through the night side ionosphere has been presented.…”