Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature: error analysis

Jin, Wei; Michie, W. Craig; Thursby, Graham; Konstantaki, Maria; Culshaw, Brian

doi:10.1117/1.601233

Cited by 194 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…The error analysis for the simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters is given by [38] The minimum errors of temperature and axial strain are calculated to be 0. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion effects of high-order-mode fiber on temperature and axial strain discrimination

Song

et al. 2015

Photonic Sens

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Abstract:A new approach utilizing effects of dispersion in the high-order-mode fibers (HOMFs) to effectively discriminate changes in environmental temperature and axial strain is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Experimental characterization of a HOMF-based fiber modal interferometer with a sandwich fiber structure exhibits excellent agreements with numerical simulation results. A Fourier transform method of interferometry in the spatial frequency domain is adopted to distinguish mode coupling between different core-guided modes. Distinct phase sensitivities of multiple dispersion peaks are extracted by employing a novel phase demodulation scheme to realize dual-parameter sensing.

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“…The error analysis for the simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters is given by [38] The minimum errors of temperature and axial strain are calculated to be 0. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion effects of high-order-mode fiber on temperature and axial strain discrimination

Song

et al. 2015

Photonic Sens

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“…It can be seen that small condition numbers do not necessarily correlate with small strain and temperature errors. The condition number therefore only provides a qualitative analysis [23]. The condition number is calculated based on maximum errors in a measurement system [24] and for this reason the results of Table 1(b) shows some agreement between this number and the maximum/cumulative errors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…From the results presented in figure 3 A common method of assessing the performance of a temperature-strain discrimination system is via the condition number of the matrix, which provides an indication of the sensitivity of the matrix operation to uncertainties in the matrix elements [22,23]. The errors that influence temperature-strain discrimination arise from the accuracy with which the system parameters that respond to temperature and strain are measured as well as errors arising from calculating the components of the sensitivity matrix.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The smallest condition number, of 5.5, was determined for the system employing an FBG and stimulated Brillouin scattering [9], where the Bragg wavelength and Brillouin gain frequency have significantly different temperature and strain responses. Table 1 (b) also details the strain and temperature errors that were calculated using formulations reported in [23]. These errors depend on the wavelength measurement precision and on uncertainties in the determination of the matrix-element.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These errors depend on the wavelength measurement precision and on uncertainties in the determination of the matrix-element. In addition, the errors depend on the values of the applied strain and temperature [23]. Three types of strain and temperature errors are reported here; (i) maximum (accumulated) errors, where the errors arise only from the precision of the wavelength measurement, (ii) maximum (accumulated) errors where errors arise only from the uncertainties in the matrix-element values, and (iii) errors due to both the wavelength measurement precision and to the matrix element uncertainty (errors not calculated cumulatively).…”

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Temperature and strain discrimination using a single tilted fibre Bragg grating

Chehura

James

Tatam

2007

Optics Communications

120

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A fibre optic sensor capable of discriminating between temperature and strain, using a single fibre Bragg grating, is presented. The technique exploits the core-cladding mode coupling of a tilted fibre Bragg grating (TFBG). The core and cladding modes exhibit different thermal sensivities, while the strain sensivities are approximately equal. Monitoring the core-core mode coupling resonance and the core-cladding mode coupling resonance of the TFBG spectrum allows the separation of the temperature and strain induced wavelength shifts.

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Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on ARC‐induced long‐period fiber gratings. A case study

Rego

2008

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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ing from the series parasitic inductance and resistance of the fold-beams that is used for actuation. An optimized spring structure is under consideration to replace in future to improve the RF performance at high frequency. Moreover, larger initial capacitance values could be achieved by further increasing the thickness of the metal structure. CONCLUSIONBoth area-tuning and gap-tuning types of low-voltage wide-tuning variable capacitors are formed by using a novel low-cost metal micromachining technique. With only two layers of mask used, the post-CMOS compatible micromachining process is with a potential to integrate the RF passives into RF ICs. The fabricated area-tuning and gap-tuning capacitors have demonstrated large tuning ratios of 3.1:1 and 2.92:1, respectively, under a low actuating voltage of 4 V. High Q-factor of 169 at 1 GHz and 46 at 2 GHz for the area-tuning capacitor, as well as, 87 at 1 GHz and 35 at 2 GHz for the gap-tuning capacitor are measured. In view of the large tuning range and the high RF performance, these variable capacitors are promising as building blocks for on-chip RF applications. Besides, the developed metal micromachining technique can be widely used for post-CMOS integration of the RF passives with RF ICs. ABSTRACT:We present a potential sensor head for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on the concatenation of two long-period fiber gratings arc-induced in different fibers. Despite being the temperature and strain sensitivities of the individual gratings well defined, we demonstrate that the sensor cannot perform the simultaneous measurement of those physical parameters. This fact, results from the uncertainty in finding the determinant of the inverse matrix.ABSTRACT: An improved integration approach for segmented 3D shapes using projected digitalized 2D pattern is presented. The digital 2D patterns are fabricated based on lithography techniques. Geometrical accuracy better than 0.5 m can be achieved. Contrast ratio of the fringe pattern can be precisely controlled as well. With this pattern, integrated accuracy better than one part in one hundredth of the pixel size can be achieved.

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Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature: error analysis

Cited by 194 publications

References 13 publications

Dispersion effects of high-order-mode fiber on temperature and axial strain discrimination

Dispersion effects of high-order-mode fiber on temperature and axial strain discrimination

Temperature and strain discrimination using a single tilted fibre Bragg grating

Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on ARC‐induced long‐period fiber gratings. A case study

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