Simultaneous intramolecular crosslinking and sterilization of papain nanoparticles by gamma radiation

Fazolin, G.N.; Varca, Gustavo H.C.; Freitas, Lucas Freitas de; Rokita, Bożena; Kadłubowski, Sławomir; Lugão, Ademar B.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108697

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Noticeably, the parameters of the average particle size, type of size distribution, PDI value, and zeta potential will also be modified. In conditions of higher energy applications, extreme conditions that far exceed sterilization; not only can there be homolysis, a different crosslinking can also be induced in the materials [ 91 ], generating novel chemical species [ 96 ].…”

Section: Challenges In Choosing the Sterilization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The radiation technique effectively promoted the simultaneous intramolecular crosslinking and sterilization of papain nanoparticles in one step. [ 91 ] Poly-ε-caprolactone and poly( d , l -lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles 228.8 ± 11.60 and 243.1 ± 3.06 respectively. Gamma irradiation (cobalt-60 at doses of 5 and 10 kGy) Irradiation at both doses slightly modified the mean particle size and zeta potential but not chemical properties.…”

Section: Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into Terminal Sterilization Processes of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2021

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Nanoparticles possess a huge potential to be employed in numerous biomedical purposes; their applications may include drug delivery systems, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. However, the in vivo use in biomedical applications requires that nanoparticles exhibit sterility. Thus, diverse sterilization techniques have been developed to remove or destroy microbial contamination. The main sterilization methods include sterile filtration, autoclaving, ionizing radiation, and nonionizing radiation. Nonetheless, the sterilization processes can alter the stability, zeta potential, average particle size, and polydispersity index of diverse types of nanoparticles, depending on their composition. Thus, these methods may produce unwanted effects on the nanoparticles’ characteristics, affecting their safety and efficacy. Moreover, each sterilization method possesses advantages and drawbacks; thus, the suitable method’s choice depends on diverse factors such as the formulation’s characteristics, batch volume, available methods, and desired application. In this article, we describe the current sterilization methods of nanoparticles. Moreover, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these methods, pointing out the changes in nanoparticles’ biological and physicochemical characteristics after sterilization. Our main objective was to offer a comprehensive overview of terminal sterilization processes of nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

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Section: Challenges In Choosing the Sterilization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Terminal Sterilization Processes of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Radiationinduced synthesis of other protein-based nanoparticles has been demonstrated also as a technique capable of inducing protein crosslinking and conferring controllable particle size at nanoscale, while preserving their biological properties. Papain nanoparticles of 7.7 +/− 0.9 nm and 85% residual proteolytic activity were synthesized using phosphate buffer and ethanol as cosolvent irradiated to 10 kGy dose [35]. Basically, the technique combines, as in the case of albumin, protein aggregation by means of protein desolvation and radiation-induced intramolecular crosslinking.…”

Section: Protein-based Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach has been recently advanced by the same group to have a better understanding of crosslinking process and the possible contribution of bityrosine linkages and disulfide bridges on the formation of nanoparticle assembly. The feasibility of radiation sterilization of nanoparticles during their synthesis was also checked [35].…”

Section: Protein-based Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Assisted Synthesis of Polymer-Based Nanomaterials

Güven

2021

Applied Sciences

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Radiation technology has long been proven as a simple, rapid, green and sustainable technology with macroscale applications in healthcare, industry and environment. Its merits, however, have not been fully utilized in today’s ever growing nanotechnology. Ionizing radiation has beneficial effects for the synthesis and modification of structure and properties of nanomaterials. This paper intends to update the application of ionizing radiation in the development of various nanomaterials under the categories: (i) carbon-based nanomaterials, (ii) metal-based nanomaterials, (iii) polymer-based nanomaterials, (iv) polymer nanocomposites and (v) nano-scale grafting for advanced membrane applications.

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“…Papain nanoparticles were synthesized by diluting in an ice bath, 10 mg mL −1 of papain in phosphate buffer (50 mM), followed by the addition of ethanol to reach 20% (v/v). The samples were then exposed to a γ-radiation from a 60 Co source at 10 kGy, with a dose rate of 5 kGy h −1 , under refrigeration, on a Multipurpose Irradiator [28]. Native papain was used as a control and, therefore, was handled and assayed under the same conditions as the nanoparticles.…”

Section: Nanoparticles Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations for the Delivery of Papain Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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Papain is a therapeutic enzyme with restricted applications due to associated allergenic reactions. Papain nanoparticles have shown to be safe for biomedical use, although a method for proper drug loading and release remains to be developed. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and assess the stability of papain nanoparticles in a prototype semi-solid formulation suitable for dermatological or topical administrations. Papain nanoparticles of 7.0 ± 0.1 nm were synthesized and loaded into carboxymethylcellulose- and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based gels. The formulations were then assayed for preliminary stability, enzyme activity, cytotoxicity studies, and characterized according to their microstructures and protein distribution. The formulations were suitable for papain nanoparticle loading and provided a stable environment for the nanoparticles. The enzyme distribution along the gel matrix was homogeneous for all the formulations, and the proteolytic activity was preserved after the gel preparation. Both gels presented a slow release of the papain nanoparticles for four days. Cell viability assays revealed no potential cytotoxicity, and the presence of the nanoparticles did not alter the microstructure of the gel. The developed systems presented a potential for biomedical applications, either as drug delivery systems for papain nanoparticles and/or its complexes.

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Simultaneous intramolecular crosslinking and sterilization of papain nanoparticles by gamma radiation

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Insights into Terminal Sterilization Processes of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Insights into Terminal Sterilization Processes of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Radiation-Assisted Synthesis of Polymer-Based Nanomaterials

Semi-Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations for the Delivery of Papain Nanoparticles

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