Simultaneous injection effective mixing analysis system for the determination of direct bilirubin in urinary samples

Metabolomics analysis of the serum from children with urolithiasis using UPLC‐MS

“…Although the finding that porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism altered in urolithiasis is not completely new, the previous study ignored the potential protective effect of bilirubin for only detecting glycine in urine 5 . We hypothesized that the excretion of bilirubin in serum and bile through the liver might mask the change in urine of patients with kidney stones 18 . Therefore, we believed that serum and urine metabolomics were complementary for urolithiasis.…”

“…5 We hypothesized that the excretion of bilirubin in serum and bile through the liver might mask the change in urine of patients with kidney stones. 18 Therefore, we believed PEDIATRIC UROLITHIASIS SERUM METABOLOMICS that serum and urine metabolomics were complementary for urolithiasis. The identification of small molecules that are closely related to urolithiasis and independent of renal excretion, may reveal metabolites and pathways that are related to stone formation.…”

Alternative spectrophotometric method for determination of bilirubin and urobilinogen in urine samples using simultaneous injection effective mixing flow analysis

“…Spectrophotometric methods using various reagents such as diazotized sulfanilic acid, 16 2,5-dichlorobenzene diazonium 17 and 3-nitroaniline 18 have been proposed for the quantication of bilirubin in serum. Diazotized sulfanilic acid instantaneously reacts with direct bilirubin.…”

“…Diazotized sulfanilic acid instantaneously reacts with direct bilirubin. 16 On the other hand, urobilinogen can be determined by using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent (Ehrlich's reagent), 19 mercuric chloride procedure, 20 and zinc complex. 15 However, the mostly frequently used procedures to estimate urobilinogen are those based upon the method of Watson et al 19 This method is based on the reaction of acidic Ehrlich's reagent with urobilinogen to form a red complex.…”

“…22 In this system, reagent consumption can be reduced, and an effective mixing, rapid analysis and full automation can be established. Moreover, SIEMA system has been applied for determination of urinary bilirubin, 16 urinary protein 23 and residue chlorine. 24 Small amounts of sample and reagent were successively aspirated and simultaneously dispensed by means of a bidirectional syringe pump.…”