Simultaneous FDM 4D printing and magnetizing of iron-filled polylactic acid polymers

Moradi, Mahmoud; Dezaki, Mohammadreza Lalegani; Kheyri, Erfan; Rasouli, Seyyed Alireza; Attar, Milad Aghaee; Bodaghi, Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170425

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the realm of 4DP, the characteristics of mentioned materials used in 3DP can undergo significant variations in response to external stimuli or environmental conditions. These stimuli encompass a range of factors, including heat, [ 73 ] electricity, [ 74 ] magnetic fields, [ 75 ] light, [ 76 ] water, [ 77 ] pH, [ 78 ] and pneumatic. [ 79 ] With the help of these stimuli, it is possible to activate the actuator for shape morphing or achieving the desired shape.…”

Section: Fffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–Material Interaction Enabled by Fused Filament Fabrication 4D Printing

Lalegani Dezaki,

Zolfagharian,

Demoly

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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This review delves into four‐dimensional printing (4DP) through fused filament fabrication (FFF) and its implications for human‐material interaction (HMI). FFF 4DP’s emergence in HMI represents a nascent and evolving concept worthy of deeper exploration. The article introduces FFF 4DP’s fundamental principles, methodologies, materials, and associated benefits and challenges. Its primary focus is the intersection between FFF 4DP and HMI, investigating the potential of employing FFF 4D printed objects as interactive interfaces. Various HMI scenarios are examined, including applications in soft actuators, smart toys, household devices, smart consumer products, 4D textiles, and customizable wood‐based items. Moreover, the article discusses the current state‐of‐art and development in the field, highlighting notable projects that integrate FFF 4DP into HMI to advance environmental sustainability. It also identifies key challenges/limitations requiring attention for the widespread adoption of 4DP in HMI applications. This work offers an in‐depth analysis of FFF 4DP within the HMI context, underscoring its potential to transform human interactions with machines and smart devices. It introduces innovative features for dynamic and adaptable interfaces, promising to revolutionize user experiences. The article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and designers interested in exploring the exciting possibilities of FFF 4DP in the realm of HMI.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Fffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–Material Interaction Enabled by Fused Filament Fabrication 4D Printing

Lalegani Dezaki,

Zolfagharian,

Demoly

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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“…To be efficient, magnetic actuation needs to be performed under low mechanical stress due to the low generated magnetic fields [28]. In this research, we explore the potential of FFF to develop adaptative composite materials capable of magnetic actuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Printing Angle on the Microstructure and Tensile Performance of Iron-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composite Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication

Guessasma,

Belhabib

2024

JMMP

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This work emphasizes an innovative approach utilizing 3D imaging technology based on synchrotron radiation to assess the microstructure of second-phase iron particles and the porous structure within 3D-printed PLA/magnetic iron composites at different printing angles. The study examines how these observations relate to the material’s ductility when processed using fused filament fabrication. In particular, this study examines the impact of one processing parameter, specifically the printing angle, on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of a polylactic acid (PLA)–iron (PLI) composite designed for magnetic actuation. Fused filament fabrication is employed to produce PLI tensile specimens, with varied printing angles to create different layups. X-ray microtomography is utilized to analyse the microstructure, while tensile mechanical properties are evaluated for all composites, with findings discussed in relation to printing angle conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy is used to examine the fractography of broken specimens. Results indicate that the printing angle significantly influences the tensile properties and mechanical anisotropy of 3D-printed PLI composites, with an optimal 45°/45° layup enhancing tensile performance. These findings suggest that 3D-printed PLI composites offer a cost-efficient means of producing bio-sourced, light-adaptive materials with intricate magnetic actuation capabilities. By quantifying the modulation of mechanical properties based on printing parameters that influence microstructural arrangement, the research sheds light on a novel aspect of composite material characterization.

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“…Soft actuators based on elastomers have widespread potential in various applications, including wearable devices, bioinspired and biomimetic systems, soft grippers, artificial muscles, and soft robotics. − New functional materials, structural designs, and manufacturing methods have been explored for soft actuators with improved physical intelligence and advanced properties. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing of Ultrastretchable Magnetoactive Soft Material Architectures for Soft Actuators

Wajahat,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Simultaneous FDM 4D printing and magnetizing of iron-filled polylactic acid polymers

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Human–Material Interaction Enabled by Fused Filament Fabrication 4D Printing

Human–Material Interaction Enabled by Fused Filament Fabrication 4D Printing

Effect of the Printing Angle on the Microstructure and Tensile Performance of Iron-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composite Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication

4D Printing of Ultrastretchable Magnetoactive Soft Material Architectures for Soft Actuators

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