Simultaneous Extraction and Separation of Oil and Azadirachtin from Seeds and Leaves of<i>Azadirachta indica</i>using Binary Solvent Extraction

Subramanian, Sheela; Salleh, Aiza Syuhaniz; Bachmann, Robert Thomas; Hossain, Md. Sohrab

doi:10.20307/nps.2019.25.2.150

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The adjusted determination coefficient (adjusted R 2 ) values were also high (0.9219 for UAE and 0.9176 for SE), indicating a greater significance (92.18% and 91.76%) of the experimental data with the predicted values. The current findings are similar to those of Subramanian et al (2019) who showed that the R 2 and R 2 adj in the separation and extraction of azadirachtin, and oil from the leaves and seeds of Azadirachta indica using binary solvent extraction were at least 0.94 and 0.87, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Microscopic characterization, TLC fingerprinting and optimization of total lipid content from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) using response surface methodology

Chaudhary,

Meena,

Janmeda

2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Euphorbia neriifolia (EN) is a medicinal plant used to treat a variety of ailments in traditional systems. Despite numerous studies on pharmacological activities, no information was available on the microscopic study of this plant. This is the first study that has been attempted to fill this need by performing the light and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of leaf, stem, and latex. The powder microscopy of several organs (leaves, stem, and bark) and exudate (latex) of EN was carried out using safranine, fast green, phloroglucinol, and other standard solutions at different magnifications. The chemical fingerprinting of petroleum ether extract was accomplished by using thin layer chromatography. The optimization of total lipid content from the EN leaf under ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and soxhlet extraction (SE) procedure was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The studied factors that affect the lipid content were: solvent ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. Several notable characteristics observed in the leaf of EN are amphistomatic leaves with anticlinical cell walls, anomocytic stomata, spongy mesophyll cells, elongated palisade cells, angular collenchyma, and U‐shaped vascular bundle. The plano‐convex midrib is covered by polygonal to oval‐shaped cuticles and contains anomocytic stomata. The circular petiole has no trichomes and contains laticifers, crystals, and idioblasts. The circular stem was observed with trichomes, hypodermis, collenchyma, parenchymatous cells, central pith, pentagonal stellar region, cambium, and 2–4 times more xylem that of phloem. All of the powdered plant parts and exudate under study contained trichomes, xylem vessels, wood fibers, cork cells, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, idioblasts, lignified cork, tannin content, stone cells, and oil globules. The blackish‐green colored petroleum ether extract with semi‐solid consistency showed the greatest percent (%) yield of 4% in the latex of EN. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) examination of petroleum ether extract of EN leaf produced a maximum 6 spots with Rf values of 0.16, 0.58, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.96 in the mobile phase of petroleum ether‐acetone (8:2). In terms of optimization, the dark green colored UAE extract with semi‐sticky consistency showed highest % yield of 4.5% whereas the yellowish green colored SE extract of sticky consistency showed the highest % yield of 4.9%. The findings showed that there were not many differences in the total lipid content between UAE (0.16%) and SE (0.11%). However, the best optimum condition for lipid content extraction analysis was obtained as follows: solvent ratio (PE:HE) 50:50, extraction temperature 50°C, extraction time 45 min for UAE, and solvent ratio (PE:HE) 60:40, extraction temperature 45°C, and extraction time of 24 h for SE. Hence, this study signifies the various noteworthy microscopic features along with the presence of different phytocompounds through TLC and best optimized condition for the extraction of lipids from different parts of EN. As no previous study has been reported, the outcomes obtained from the current study prove to be beneficial in the identification of species, quality control, and detection of any adulteration from the laboratory and commercial samples of EN.Research Highlights The percent yield was found to be maximum in latex extract (4%). The leaf pet ether extract was separated into 6 bands with different Rf values. The extracted compounds from Euphorbia neriifolia leaves were categorized into non‐polar heat tolerant. The highest total lipid yield (0.1119) was obtained at solvent ratios 60:40 of PE:HE (petroleum ether: petroleum hexane).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Microscopic characterization, TLC fingerprinting and optimization of total lipid content from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) using response surface methodology

Chaudhary,

Meena,

Janmeda

2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…A little lower oil yield of 32.5% was obtained in neem seed kernels using 50% of ethanol as solvent by Saha et al [20]. Also, a maximum oil yield of 53.5% was obtained by Subramanian et al [21] at an optimum condition of extraction time (6 h) using a solvent mixture of 50 : 50 (n-hexane : ethanol).…”

Section: Efect Of the Drying Methods And Bed Tickness On Oil Yieldmentioning

confidence: 96%

Impact of Different Drying Techniques on Neem Seeds Drying Kinetics and Oil Quality

Kishore

Rajkumar

Sudha

et al. 2023

Journal of Food Quality

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Neem oil is a promising alternative for synthetic chemicals in food preservation and an active functional agent in food packaging. Drying studies were conducted on neem seeds using different drying methods, and the oil yield profile and nutritional content such as azadirachtin content, functional groups, and elemental composition were analysed. Tray drying at 60°C showed a faster drying rate with a minimum quality of the oil. The process parameters were statistically optimized by analysing the effect of drying methods and thickness (15 and 30 mm) on azadirachtin content and oil yield. Maximum oil yield and azadirachtin content of 42.1 and 0.053% were obtained in solar drying with 15 mm bed thickness. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that there is no change in the functional group when the neem seeds were dried, and the peak absorption wavenumber confirmed the presence of O-H stretching, C-H stretching, C-O stretching, C-H bending, O-H bending, C=O stretching, and N-H stretching. Sun- and solar-dried neem seeds showed maximum retention in elemental composition when compared to the tray-drying method.

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Synergistic toxic and contraceptive potential of neem seed extract and andrographolide-based bait against black rat, Rattus rattus

Verma,

Kaur,

Babbar

2024

Eur J Wildl Res

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Simultaneous Extraction and Separation of Oil and Azadirachtin from Seeds and Leaves ofAzadirachta indicausing Binary Solvent Extraction

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Microscopic characterization, TLC fingerprinting and optimization of total lipid content from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) using response surface methodology

Microscopic characterization, TLC fingerprinting and optimization of total lipid content from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) using response surface methodology

Impact of Different Drying Techniques on Neem Seeds Drying Kinetics and Oil Quality

Synergistic toxic and contraceptive potential of neem seed extract and andrographolide-based bait against black rat, Rattus rattus

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