Simultaneous estimation procedure reveals the object-based, but not space-based, dependence of visual working memory representations

Sone, Hirotaka; Kang, Min-Suk; Li, Aedan Y.; Tsubomi, Hiroyuki; Fukuda, Keisuke

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104579

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…A possible basis for the discrepant results between our Experiment 1 and the findings of Sone et al (2021) lies in the various differences in stimuli and procedure between the two studies, such as the shorter sample presentation time of 0.5 s in the previous study compared to 2 s in the present experiments. We note that recall performance in the closest matching condition of Sone et al (2021) was overall lower than in the present Experiment 1 ( Supplementary Figure S1 vs. Figure 7 from Sone et al ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…A recent study by Sone et al (2021) , using a dual-report task with location cues, sought to determine whether the sequential report of different features affected the outcome, and tested a task variant with simultaneous report of colors and orientations in a combined response display. The study assessed correlations by grouping trials according to absolute response error in one feature, and measuring how closely the responses in the other feature was concentrated around the correct target value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Sone et al (2021) further aimed to distinguish object-based representations from location-based binding of features, using sample arrays with pairs of colored, oriented triangles of different sizes centered at the same location (with the smaller triangles completely within the boundaries of the larger ones). Performance was better when participants had to remember two features of the same triangles (either the smaller or the larger ones) than when they had to memorize, for example, the colors of the larger and the orientations of the smaller triangles, and performance in the latter condition was not significantly different from a condition in which the features of all items had to be memorized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of feature binding in visual working memory are stable over long delays

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of feature binding in visual working memory are stable over long delays

et al. 2021

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“…One possible confounding factor in the present experiments is that the separate and sequential responses for the two reported features in each trial might bias results towards more independent recall errors. This was suggested by a recent study that employed a combined response display for simultaneous color and orientation reports (Sone, Kang, Li, Tsubomi, & Fukuda, 2021), and found significant correlations between response errors when using location cues, contrary to previous results (Bays et al, 2011;Fougnie & Alvarez, 2011). We note that the study also found similar, albeit weaker, error correlations in a task with sequential reports, suggesting that other factors in the experimental design contributed to this outcome.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Role of time in binding features in visual working memory.

Schneegans¹,

McMaster²,

Bays³

2023

Psychological Review

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Previous research on feature binding in visual working memory has supported a privileged role for location in binding an object's non-spatial features. However, humans are able to correctly recall feature conjunctions of objects that occupy the same location at different times. In a series of behavioral experiments, we investigated binding errors under these conditions, and specifically tested whether ordinal position can take the role of location in mediating feature binding. We performed two dual-report experiments in which participants had to memorize three colored shapes presented sequentially at the screen center. When participants were cued with the ordinal position of one item and had to report its shape and color, report errors for the two features were largely uncorrelated. In contrast, when participants were cued e.g. with an item's shape and reported an incorrect ordinal position, they had a high chance of making a corresponding error in the color report. This pattern of error correlations closely matched the predictions of a model in which color and shape are bound to each other only indirectly via an item's ordinal position. In a third experiment, we directly compared the roles of location and sequential position in feature binding. Participants viewed a sequence of colored disks displayed at different locations, and were cued either by a disk's location or its ordinal position to report its remaining properties. The pattern of errors supported a mixed strategy with individual variation, suggesting that binding via either time or space could be used for this task.

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“…Answers range from low‐level visual features, to edges, to proto‐objects, to complex objects and beyond (Brady et al, 2011; Pylyshyn, 2001; Scholl, 2001; Treisman & Gelade, 1980; Wolfe, 1994; Wolfe et al, 2002; Yu et al, 2013, 2014). A considerable amount of work suggests we have an object bias (Baldauf & Desimone, 2014; Chen, 2012; Cowan, 2000; Fukuda et al, 2010; Luck & Vogel, 2013; Neider & Zelinsky, 2006; Sone et al, 2021), but what makes up an object? Much of this work avoided this question by utilizing simple stimuli that could easily be enumerated at the object level and found that searching for a greater number of objects (i.e., multiple target search; Cain et al, 2013; Menneer et al, 2007, 2009, 2010) reduces search performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are all real‐world objects created equal? Estimating the “set‐size” of the search target in visual working memory

2022

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Are all real-world objects created equal? Visual search difficulty increases with the number of targets and as target-related visual working memory (VWM) load increases. Our goal was to investigate the load imposed by individual real-world objects held in VWM in the context of search. Measures of visual clutter attempt to quantify real-world set-size in the context of scenes. We applied one of these measures, the number of proto-objects, to individual real-world objects and used contralateral delay activity (CDA) to measure the resulting VWM load. The current study presented a real-world object as a target cue, followed by a delay where CDA was measured. This was followed by a four-object search array. We compared CDA and later search performance from target cues containing a high or low number of proto-objects. High proto-object target cues resulted in greater CDA, longer search RTs, target dwell times, and reduced search guidance, relative to low proto-object targets. These findings demonstrate that targets with more proto-objects result in a higher VWM load and reduced search performance. This shows that the number of proto-objects contained within individual objects produce set-size like effects in VWM and suggests proto-objects may be a viable unit of measure of real-world VWM load. Importantly, this demonstrates that not all real-world objects are created equal.

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Simultaneous estimation procedure reveals the object-based, but not space-based, dependence of visual working memory representations

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Mechanisms of feature binding in visual working memory are stable over long delays

Mechanisms of feature binding in visual working memory are stable over long delays

Role of time in binding features in visual working memory.

Are all real‐world objects created equal? Estimating the “set‐size” of the search target in visual working memory

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