Simultaneous esophageal and standard electrocardiographic leads for the study of cardiac arrhythmias

Atrial Reciprocal Rhythm

“…40 The tracings illustrate that the recognition of the reciprocal beat would sometimes be difficult or impossible in the other electrocardiographic leads alone without the esophageal lead (figs. 1,5,[8][9][10][11].…”

Anaesthesia for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

“…In several centres there has been a recent renewal of interest in e.c.g. tracings obtained from endocardial or oesophageal electrodes (Kistin and Bruce, 1957). Positioning of these electrodes to maximize P-wave amplitude can greatly simplify the diagnosis of supraventricular arrhythmias ( fig.…”

Computer analysis of intraoperative cardiac rhythms using esophageal and surface leads

“…To fully classify cardiac arrhythmias, knowledge of atrial activity is also needed (1)(2)(3). Since computer attempts at identifying the P-wave from surface electrodes have generally failed (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), an esophageal lead with its large and distinct P-wave has often been used (1,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)).…”

“…Since computer attempts at identifying the P-wave from surface electrodes have generally failed (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), an esophageal lead with its large and distinct P-wave has often been used (1,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)). This eosphageal lead makes possible extensive rhythm classification by elucidating the genesis and activation pathway for each heartbeat (1,9,(14)(15)(16). The frequent use of esophageal catheters in the operating room lends this approach to computerized arrhythmia monitoring during general anesthesia.…”