Simultaneous effects of salted water and water flow on asphalt concrete pavement deterioration under freeze–thaw cycles

Internal structure evolution of asphalt mixtures during freeze–thaw cycles

“…10(c)-10(d). Air voids in dense-graded asphalt mixture are clearly the most important factors in freeze-thaw damage [1,3]. A higher level of air voids always provides more space for water retention.…”

Energy and thermal performance evaluation of an automated snow and ice removal system at airports using numerical modeling and field measurements

“…Using this method the wind speed 1 at height ℎ 1 is related to the wind speed 2 at a height ℎ 2 using Eq. (12). Wind speed is in (m/s) and height is in (m).…”

“…For this particular type of area, snow and ice can also represent a safety hazard for both passengers and airport workers. Moreover, when chemicals are used for snow and ice removal, the lifetime of the pavement is usually reduced [11,12], resulting in higher maintenance and rehabilitation costs over the pavement's lifetime. Runoff containing such chemicals produce negative environmental consequences [6,13], so there is a growing research focus on alternative snow and ice removal methods, including heated pavement systems [14].…”

Performance Damage Characteristics of Asphalt Binder Suffered from the Action of Sulfate

“…As a result, asphalt mixture shows severe durability problems [3]. At present, some studies have shown that chlorine salts have a continuing negative effect on asphalt mixture [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In addition, the adhesion of asphalt under salt action is also a hot research trend.…”