Simultaneous determination of thirteen organophosphate esters in settled indoor house dust and a comparison between two sampling techniques

Fan, Xinghua; Kubwabo, Cariton; Rasmussen, Pat E.; Wu, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.127

Cited by 99 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Table lists significant positive correlations ( P <.001) between the FD and HD samples for 17 elements (Sc was not determined in HD), with the strongest Spearman rho values (.6‐.7) occurring for REE present at the highest concentrations (Table ). The significant correlations between FD and HD samples support previous findings that dust samples from household vacuum bags can provide a cost‐effective measure of contaminant concentrations . From the perspective of the present study, the chief disadvantage of household vacuum samples is the lack of information on dust age and provenance (area sampled) required for loading and loading rate calculations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…4,12 The 1025 participating homes in the Canadian House Dust Study (CHDS) were randomly sampled from 13 cities, and previous CHDS papers reported national baseline data for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se), [17][18][19] plus many organic compounds including flame retardants, phthalates, BPA, parabens, and musks. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Technicians followed a vacuum sampling protocol designed to collect a consistent composite (whole-house) sample of readily accessible "fresh dust" of known age, from dry floor surfaces of known dimensions, which yielded measurements of both elemental concentration and elemental loading.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rare earth elements and select actinoids in the Canadian House Dust Study

et al. 2017

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Nationally representative baseline data are presented for rare earth elements (REE), thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in house dust sampled from 1025 urban homes, in units of concentrations (μg g ), loadings (μg m ), and loading rates (ng m d ). Spearman rank correlations indicate that, in addition to outdoor sources, consumer products and building materials can influence indoor dust concentrations of REE, Th, and U. Correlations (P<.01) with numbers of occupants, dogs, and cats suggest soil track-in. Correlations (P<.01) with hardwood floors suggest release of REE additives used in pigments and coatings during daily wear and tear. Concentrations of light REE are elevated in smokers' homes compared to non-smokers' homes (P<.001), suggesting that a key source is "mischmetal," the REE alloy used in cigarette-lighter flints. Indoor sources include geological impurities in raw materials used in consumer products, such as U and Th impurities in bentonite clay used in cat litter, and REE impurities in phosphates used for a variety of applications including dog food and building materials. Median gastric bioaccessibility (pH 1.5) of most REE in dust ranges from about 20% to 29%. Household vacuum samples correlate with fresh dust samples from the same homes (P<.001 for all investigated elements).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

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confidence: 99%

Rare earth elements and select actinoids in the Canadian House Dust Study

et al. 2017

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“…Although there was no certified data available for OPFR concentrations in SRM 2585 we are able to compare our results with several studies that also analysed this SRM. Our result showed good agreement with most studies [15,16,25]. n.a.= not applicable; n.r.=not reported; n.c.=not calculated (due to high concentrations in QC samples) a : accuracy was described by the difference of calculated concentrations to (low) spiked concentrations; b :accuracy was described by the difference of calculated SRM concentrations to indicated/certified concentrations.…”

Section: Application To Real Dust Samples 341 Dust Srm 2585supporting

confidence: 86%

“…For example, Harrad et al [14] presented a method for 8 PBDEs in dust using ASE extraction, florisil purification, and GC-EI-MS analysis, where they reported method detection limits (MDLs) around 0.03 ng/g. Similarly methods for OPFRs analysis include ultra-sonication [15,16] or Soxhlet extraction [17,18], purification steps using solid phase extraction (SPE) [16,19,20], and GC-MS [21] or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [19]. For example, a method involving an ultra-sonication and vortex extraction, florisil clean-up and GC-MS analysis was developed by Van den Eede et al [16], which provided low MDLs for 10 OPFRs (20-500 ng/g).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a multi-residue method for the analysis of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust

Wang

Thai

et al. 2017

Talanta

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Flame retardants are associated to numerous adverse health effects, can accumulate in humans and have been used intensively worldwide. Recently, dust has been identified as a major human exposure route for flame retardants. The aim of this study was to develop a multi-residue method using a two-step SPE purification. It enabled us to effectively limit coextracted matrix/interferets and therefore a simultaneous analysis of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants for indoor dust was achieved. The optimized method was validated according to standard protocol and achieved good accuracy and reproducibility (percent error ranged from -29 % to 28 %). Standard Reference Material (SRM) for dust was also analysed, and good agreement was found with reported brominated and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) concentrations. The applicability of the validated method was demonstrated by the analysis of ten indoor dust samples from ten Australian homes. Overall 89 % of the analytes were detected in these samples. The average concentrations of ∑OPFRs and ∑PBDEs in those samples were 41 and 3.6 μg/g, respectively. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate were the most abundant OPFRs, accounting for 57-92 % ∑OPFRs, while decabromodiphenyl ether dominated the Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) congeners contributing between 71-94 % to the ∑PBDEs. Graphical abstract2

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“…As PFRs are used as additive flame retardants (FRs), their transfer from products in which they are used into the environment is relatively facile, and their presence in indoor dust has been reported in a number of studies [1e6, 14,15,17,19,20,24,26,27,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in dust from cars, homes, and offices: An international comparison

Harrad

Brommer

Mueller

2016

Emerging Contaminants

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a b s t r a c tConcentrations of a number of organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) were measured in floor dust collected from living rooms in Australia (n ¼ 42), Canada (n ¼ 14), Germany (n ¼ 22), and Kazakhstan (n ¼ 9); cars from Australia (n ¼ 39) and Germany (n ¼ 19); and offices from Germany (n ¼ 25) and Kazahkstan (n ¼ 8). PFR concentrations in these samples were compared with each other and with previously reported data for PFRs in dust from similar microenvironments in the UK. Our data reveal significant between-country differences in both absolute concentrations and the relative abundance of specific PFRs in each of the microenvironments studied. Most notably, concentrations of TCIPP in UK living room dust (median ¼ 21 mg g À1 ) exceeded significantly (p < 0.05) those in all other countries studied here; a substantial number of car dust samples contained elevated concentrations of TDCIPP, and German samples generally contained lower levels of PFRs in all microenvironments studied. In addition, PFRs were determined in dust samples collected from living room couches in both Australia (n ¼ 41) and the UK (n ¼ 10). The elevated concentrations of TCIPP in UK living room dust are likely attributable to the favoured use of this PFR in UK couch foam. This is indicated by concentrations of TCIPP in UK couch dust (median ¼ 610 mg g À1 ) exceeding significantly those in Australian couch dust (median ¼ 2.9 mg g À1 ).Moreover, concentrations of TCIPP in UK couch dust originating from couches 15 years old or less, display a marked relationship with the age of the couch, with concentrations in such samples increasing significantly (p < 0.01) with couch age.

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Simultaneous determination of thirteen organophosphate esters in settled indoor house dust and a comparison between two sampling techniques

Cited by 99 publications

References 35 publications

Rare earth elements and select actinoids in the Canadian House Dust Study

Rare earth elements and select actinoids in the Canadian House Dust Study

Development and validation of a multi-residue method for the analysis of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust

Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in dust from cars, homes, and offices: An international comparison

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