Simultaneous determination of tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in gherkin under field conditions

Abstract

A rapid, simple, and selective analytical method for the simultaneous determination of tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in gherkin and soil was developed and validated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine sorbent. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.05 mg/kg for all three compounds. The method was validated using blank samples spiked at three levels and recoveries ranged from 83.5 to 103.8% with a relative standard deviation of 1.2 to 4.8%. The developed method was validated and applied for the analysis of a degradation study sample. The residues of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole were found to dissipate following first-order kinetics with half-life ranging between 3.31-3.38 and 3.0-3.04 days, respectively, for two different dosages. Pesticide residues were below the European Union maximum residue level after seven days for trifloxystrobin (0.2 mg/kg) and ten days for tebuconazole (0.05 mg/kg), which suggested the use of this fungicide mixture to be safe to humans. These results can be utilized in formulating the spray schedule and safety evaluation on trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in gherkin crop.

Simultaneous determination of seven pesticide residues in soil samples using ultrasound‐assisted dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with UHPLC–MS/MS

“…To highlight the robust application of the presented ultrasound-assisted DSPE combined with UHPLC-MS/MS method, it was compared to several published methods for the determination of pesticides in soils such as QuECh-ERS followed by UHPLC-MS/MS, DSPE combined with GC-MS, etc. As listed in Table 6, better sensitivity is obtained by the present method as the LODs were 0.01-0.08 ng g −1 , which were lower than those of the reported other papers [33][34][35], indicating that the proposed method can be used to efficiently extract analytes from soils and clean up the extract. Additionally, low cost and simple operation are advantages of the proposed method.…”

Simultaneous determination of difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in watermelon under field conditions by GC–MS/MS

“…It has a good ability to interfere with fungal growth (Moshe & Dimitri, 2002). Trifloxystrobin is a type of strobilurin fungicide developed by Bayer, which is included in the quinone outside inhibitors fungicide groups (Paramasivam, Selvi, Deepa, Jayaprakash, & Chandrasekaran, 2015;Patyal, Sharma, Chandel, & Dubey, 2013).…”

“…There are previous reports on the dissipation pattern and final residues of difenoconazole and trifloxystrobin in some other matrices, such as rice (Cao et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2014;Li, Wang, Hao, & Han, 2014), tomato (Kong et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014), apple (Guo, Li, Guo, & Wang, 2010;Wang, Wu, Zhang, Wang, & Zhang, 2015) and many other principal fruits and vegetables (Banerjee, Oulkar, Patil, Dasgupta, & Adsule, 2008;Liu et al, 2011;Mohapatra, 2015;Park et al, 2007). In previous papers, trifloxystrobin was determined by HPLC (Likas & Tsiropoulos, 2014;Zhu, Dai, Fang, & Zhu, 2013), GC with electron capture (Likas, Tsiropoulos, & Miliadis, 2007) or GC with MS (Paramasivam et al, 2015), while determination of difenoconazole was mainly developed by GC (Guo et al, 2010) and UPLC-MS/MS (Kong et al, 2012). The extraction method of the two pesticides included vortex (Zhu et al, 2013), homogenization (Banerjee et al, 2008) and a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (Paramasivam et al, 2015) method combining SPE cartridges (Zhu et al, 2013) or dispersive solid-phase extraction (Cao et al, 2015) to sample purification.…”

“…In previous papers, trifloxystrobin was determined by HPLC (Likas & Tsiropoulos, 2014;Zhu, Dai, Fang, & Zhu, 2013), GC with electron capture (Likas, Tsiropoulos, & Miliadis, 2007) or GC with MS (Paramasivam et al, 2015), while determination of difenoconazole was mainly developed by GC (Guo et al, 2010) and UPLC-MS/MS (Kong et al, 2012). The extraction method of the two pesticides included vortex (Zhu et al, 2013), homogenization (Banerjee et al, 2008) and a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (Paramasivam et al, 2015) method combining SPE cartridges (Zhu et al, 2013) or dispersive solid-phase extraction (Cao et al, 2015) to sample purification. Thus far, there are no studies on the simultaneous determination of difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin and trifloxystrobin acid residues in watermelon.…”

“…It has a good ability to interfere with fungal growth (Moshe & Dimitri, ). Trifloxystrobin is a type of strobilurin fungicide developed by Bayer, which is included in the quinone outside inhibitors fungicide groups (Paramasivam, Selvi, Deepa, Jayaprakash, & Chandrasekaran, ; Patyal, Sharma, Chandel, & Dubey, ). Strobilurin fungicide binds to one specific quinone site of mitochondria, which interferes with electron transfer between cytochrome b and c (Balba, ).…”