Simultaneous determination of selected endocrine disrupter compounds in wastewater samples in ultra trace levels using HPLC-ES-MS/MS

Abstract

An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of six selected endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs: diltiazem, progesterone, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), estrone, carbamazepine (Cbz), acetaminophen) was developed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ES-MS/MS). All of the parameters for HPLC and ES-MS/MS systems including mobile phase composition, flow rate, and sample injection volume were optimized to obtain not only the best separation of species interested but also low detection limits. Reverse phase chromatography coupled to ES-MS/MS was used for the separation and detection of EDCs. Formic acid (0.10% ) and 5.0 mM ammonium formate were selected as mobile phase composition in gradient elution. Detection limits for diltiazem, progesterone, BBP, estrone, Cbz, and acetaminophen were found to be 0.13, 0.12, 0.04, 0.13, 0.12, and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. Influent and effluents from three different wastewater treatment plants located in Ankara, i.e., rotating flat-sheet membrane unit, pilot type flat-sheet membrane unit located at METU Campus and samples from Ankara central wastewater treatment plant were analyzed for their EDCs contents under the optimum conditions.

Planarians as invertebrate bioindicators in freshwater environmental quality: the biomarkers approach

“…The planarian physiology is studied, including the effects of age, size, season and reproductive activity on the assimilation of the pollutant, inability of long-term reproduction due to maximum possible levels of the pollutant in the environment (Kostelecky et al, 1989;Indeherberg et al, 1999;Knakievicz et al, 2006Knakievicz et al, , 2007. Although planarians do not have large bodies, they provide versatility of analysis (Guecheva et al, 2001;Plusquin et al, 2012).…”

“…Besides, the use of this development biomarker can produce additional information about reproductive strategies in distinct populations and species of planarians. Recently simultaneous direct determination of six endocrine disrupter compounds in wastewater samples in ultra trace levels has been made by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ES-MS/MS) (Komesli, et al, 2012). And effect of these xenobiotic endocrine disrupters in the upregulation of sexual gene expression can be investigated by quantitative real time-PCR assay and immunohistological analysis (Miyashita et al, 2011), complemented the observations of endpoint already used in planarians.…”

Determination of eight endocrine disruptor pesticides in bovine milk at trace levels by dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by GC‐MS determination

“…These chemicals are generally called endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) or endocrine‐disrupting chemicals. They have been classified into three main groups namely, androgenic, thyroidal, and estrogenic [12]. EDCs tend to accelerate or block the processes of the endocrine system causing irreversible changes.…”

Sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of benzyl butyl phthalate and its metabolites, monobenzyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalate, in rat plasma, urine, and various tissues collected from a toxicokinetic study

“…It was determined in environmental samples of wastewater by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [2] and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [23], river water and tap water by GC-MS [1], soil by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography [5], particulated materials from air by GC-MS [3], and house indoor dust by GC-MS/MS [4]. It was also determined in various commercial products, e.g., plasticized toys and child care items by GC-MS [24], aerosols by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detection (UHPLC/PDA) [25], cosmetics by GC/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) [26] and GC-MS [27], beverages by HPLC/ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UVD) [28] and GC-MS/MS [29], bottled water by GC/FID [30] and GC-MS [1,31], edible oils by HPLC/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) [32], wines by GC-MS [33], parenteral nutrition samples by LC-MS [34], and foodstuffs by GC-MS [34,35].…”