Simultaneous Determination of Ranitidine and Metronidazole at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) were dispersed into DMSO, and a SWCNTs-film coated glassy carbon electrode was achieved via evaporating the solvent. The results indicated that CNT modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic reduction for ranitidine and metronidazole with relatively high sensitivity, stability and life time. Under conditions of cyclic voltammetry, the potential for reduction of selected analytes is lowered by approximately 150 mV and current is enhanced significantly (7 times) in comparison to the bare glassy carbon electrode. The electrocatalytic behavior is further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for these analytes determinations by hydrodynamic amperometry. Under optimized condition in amperometric method the concentration calibration range, detection limit and sensitivity were about, 0.1 -200 mM, detection limit (S/N ¼ 3) 6.3 Â 10 À8 mol L À1 and sensitivity 40 nA/mM for metronidazole and 0.3 -270 mM 7.73 Â 10 À8 mol L À1 and 25 nA/mM for ranitidine. In addition, the ability of the modified electrode for simultaneous determination of ranitidine and metronidazole was evaluated. The proposed method was successfully applied to ranitidine and metronidazole determination in tablets. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for detection of these analytes in serum as a real sample.

Synthesis of new compounds derived from metronidazole and amino acids and their esters as antiparasitic agents

“…They are highly effective against trichomoniasis, various forms of amoebiasis, and infection with anaerobic bacteria and protozoa (Goldman and Wuest, 1981); it can kill or inhibit the majority of anaerobic bacteria when the metronidazole concentration in serum is in the range from 2 to 8 lg per ml (Salimi et al, 1997). In view of the wide interest in the activity and profile of metronidazole, and as part of our ongoing research in the synthesis of new compounds of pharmacological interests (Al-Zghoul et al, 2005;Salih et al, 2006Salih et al, , 2007Al-Soud et al, 2008;Saadeh et al, 2009;Abu-Shaireh et al, 2009, Saadeh et al, 2010, we report, herein, on the synthesis and characterization of a number of new compounds derived from metronidazole and amino acids and their esters, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not previously been described in the literature.…”

Amperometric Detection of Ranitidine Using Glassy Carbon Modified with Ruthenium Oxide Hexacyanoferrate Adapted in a Flow Injection System

“…For the latter ones, the working electrode most widely used was modified or made of mercury. Other articles report the utilisation of unmodified surfaces for ranitidine quantification [17,19]. However, ranitidine has a high oxidation potential at these surfaces [17,19], which depending on the complexity of the sample, could result in an inaccurate result.…”

“…Other articles report the utilisation of unmodified surfaces for ranitidine quantification [17,19]. However, ranitidine has a high oxidation potential at these surfaces [17,19], which depending on the complexity of the sample, could result in an inaccurate result. Thus, an interesting field of research would evaluate potential modified electrodes aimed at the quantification of ranitidine in lower potentials whilst using a low-cost method, in order to find a more environmentally friendly substitute for mercury electrodes.…”

“…In the literature, there are different methods for quantification of ranitidine using the following techniques: spectrophotometry [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], fluorimetry [7,12,13], chemiluminescence [14,15], spectrometry [16], electrochemistry [11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and chromatography [26][27][28]. In most cases, using the methods of spectrophotometry, spectrometry, fluorimetry and chemiluminescence a preliminary step of derivatization is necessary, which will result in longer analysis times, an example of which is the precipitation of ranitidine with Co and Cd complex prior to analysis by spectrometry [16].…”

Simultaneous Determination of Ranitidine and Metronidazole at Poly(thionine) Modified Anodized Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…12) Meanwhile, the modification of a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conducting polymers (CPs), 12) carbon nanotube (CNT), 1) and metal oxide 13) offered potential benefits in the context of selectivity, sensitivity, and fast electron transfer kinetics.…”