Simultaneous determination of phosphate and silicate in detergents and waters by first-derivative spectrophotometry

El‐Sayed, Amr; Hussein, Yehia Z.; Mohammed, M. A.

doi:10.1039/b103159g

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The individual determinations of fluoride 163 and phosphate 164 and simultaneous determinations of phosphate and silicate 23,165 and nitrate and nitrite 166,45 were reported. Third derivative spectra have been used for the determination of fluoride in technical samples of Leuprolide (an anti-cancer drug for prosthetic cancer).…”

Section: ·1 Inorganic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a first derivative spectrophotometric method utilizing zero-crossing technique of measurement has been developed for simultaneous determination of phosphate and silicate in synthetic detergents and water. 23,165 The procedures, based on formation of phospho-and silicomolybdenum blue complexes in the presence of reducing agents were adopted to allow simultaneous determination of both anions. A second order derivative spectrophotometry was applied to the simultaneous of nitrate and nitrite ions in bath solutions for alkaline black-oxidation of steel.…”

Section: ·1 Inorganic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. 23 By measuring the derivative values (heights h1 in Fig. 1) for mixtures of phosphate and silicate at 806 nm (zero-crossing wavelength of silicomolybdate complex), one can avoid the interference by silicate and the phosphate concentration can be determined.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

El‐Sayed

El-Salem

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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The zero-crossing derivative spectra method is the most common procedure for the simultaneous determination of binary mixtures of their overlapping spectra. As an example, the derivative spectra of binary mixtures of phospho-and silicomolybdenum blue are illustrated in Fig. 1. 23 By measuring the derivative values (heights h1 in Fig. 1) for mixtures of phosphate and silicate at 806 nm (zero-crossing wavelength of silicomolybdate complex), one can avoid the interference by silicate and the phosphate concentration can be determined. By measuring the derivative values (heights h2 in Fig. 1 Moreover, one disadvantage of the zero-crossing method is the necessity of selecting critical wavelengths for the measurements. This selection causes considerable loss of sensitivity and precision in case of binary mixtures. The so-called "ratio spectra derivative" permits the use of the wavelengths corresponding to maximum or minimum and also the use of the distance between consecutive maximum and minimum, thus avoiding these problems. 24 Salinas et al. 25 developed a derivative quotient spectra method with a standard divisor when the spectra of the components are overlapped. The method was based on dividing the spectrum for a mixture into the standard spectra for each of the analyses and driving the quotient to obtain a spectrum that is independent of the analyte concentration used as a divisor. The use of standardized spectra as divisors minimizes experimental errors and background noise. 26 An accurate choice of standard divisors and working wavelengths is fundamental for several reasons. 25,27,28 Easy measurements on separate peaks, higher values of the analytical signals and no need to work only at zero-crossing points (sometimes co-existing compounds have no maximum or minimum at these wavelengths) are advantages for ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry in comparison with the zerocrossing derivative spectrophotometry. Also, the presence of a lot of maxima and minima in ratio spectra derivative data was another advantage, since these wavelengths give an opportunity for the determination of these compounds in the presence of other active compounds and excipients that possibly interfered with the assay. 29 2·1 Resolution of binary and ternary mixtures by applyingderivative ratio spectra (derivative quotient spectra) The absorption spectrum of a mixture of three compounds; A, B and C is determined by this equation:AM,λ i = εA,λ i CA + εB,λ i CB + εC,λ i CC (path-length is 1 cm)where, AM,λ i is the absorbance value of the mixture at wavelength λi, εA,λ i , εB,λ i and εC,λ i are the molar absorptivities of A, B and C at λi, CA, CP and CC are the molar concentrations of A, B and C, respectively. When we divide this spectrum by the spectrum of a standard solution of one of the components (e.g., A of concentration CA). That is bywe obtainThe first derivative of this spectrum ratio givesIf CC = 0, we have the binary mixture of A and B, and the spectrum in this case is:In Eq. (5) we can see that the derivative ratio spectrum of...

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Section: ·1 Inorganic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ·1 Inorganic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

El‐Sayed

El-Salem

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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“…It is also most abundant one, since it can be stabilized at neutral pH [2]. The key point source for phosphate are the municipal wastewater [3] and the application as corrosion inhibitor in the wastewater treatment system [4], while the gigantic amount of phosphate released to the environment comes from the non-point source, such as agricultural fertilizer and livestock excretion [5], [6]. High concentration of phosphate in water body, especially a closed or semi-closed to drainage, causes the eutrophication [7]- [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Polymer Sensor for Detection of Phosphate in Water

Wongniramaikul¹,

Choodum²

2017

IJCEA

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Abstract-A colorimetric polymer sensor was successfully developed for the detection of phosphate in water. Potassium antimonyl tartrate, ammonium molybdate, ascorbic acid and sulfuric acid were entrapped within the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix and acted as the colorimetric reagent. The PVA sensor was fabricated within a micro-PCR tube to which the sample solution could be directly added for in-tube detection. This made the developed sensor small and easy to carry on field. The optimum condition for sensor synthesis was determined in this research by using the digital image analysis. They are found at 0.6 g/L potassium antimonyl tartrate, 14.4 g/L ammonium molybdate, 5.28 g/L ascorbic acid, 0.05 mg/L sulfuric acid and 15 min reaction time.Index Terms-Hydrogel sensor, phosphate detection, polymer sensor.

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“…13 An unwanted effect of the derivative methods is the decrease in S/N. This decrease follows from the fact that noise always contains the sharpest features in the spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Determination of Phosphate and Silicate Using Molybdenum Blue by Radial Basis Function and Feed-Forward Neural Networks Assisted by Principal Component Analysis

Afkhami

Tarighat

2008

ANAL. SCI.

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Simultaneous determination of phosphate and silicate in detergents and waters by first-derivative spectrophotometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

Recent Developments of Derivative Spectrophotometry and Their Analytical Applications

Synthesis of Polymer Sensor for Detection of Phosphate in Water

Comparative Determination of Phosphate and Silicate Using Molybdenum Blue by Radial Basis Function and Feed-Forward Neural Networks Assisted by Principal Component Analysis

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