Simultaneous determination of parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan in human urine, blood and breast milk by continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Determination of Parabens in Breast Milk Samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Using different sample preparation techniques, Rodríguez-Gómez et al 7,8,33,34 developed analytical methods and determined parabens in human milk samples with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 7.5 ng mL -1 , 0.5 to 37.0 ng mL -1 , 0.6 to 43.5 ng mL -1 and 1.02 to 18.1 ng mL -1 , respectively. Studies also conducted in Spain [37][38][39] determined parabens in a range from 0.12 to 8.1 ng mL -1 , 0.9 to 21 ng mL -1 and from 0.7 to 18.6 ng mL -1 , respectively. Hines et al 35 determined parabens levels from 0.5 to 2.3 ng mL -1 .…”

Donor/acceptor nanoparticle pair-based singlet oxygen channeling homogenous chemiluminescence immunoassay for quantitative determination of bisphenol A

“…BPA is frequently quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [14][15][16][17][18], highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [19][20][21], and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS or LC/MS/MS) [16,[22][23][24]. These methods allow high sensitivity and specificity but are labor intensive, expensive, and time consuming because of their complex pretreatment steps.…”

“…These methods allow high sensitivity and specificity but are labor intensive, expensive, and time consuming because of their complex pretreatment steps. For example, due to the low volatility of BPA, it does need some derivatization step prior to chromatographic separation and GC/MS detection [18]. Although the derivatization step is not necessary in LC, some extraction steps, such as solidphase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), have been applied for the detection of BPA [16].…”

Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Solid Phase Extraction of Parabens in Plasma Samples and Analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS

“…[1][2][3] When parabens are present in high concentrations in the dermis, they may accumulate in the human body tissues in a similar way to other lipophilic compounds, which are bioaccumulative, or they may induce allergic dermatitis in sensitive individuals. 3,4 Although the use of parabens is regulated, traces concentrations of unhydrolyzed parabens have been determined in different biological samples, including plasma, 5 breast milk, [6][7][8][9] ovarian tissues, 10 urine, 4,7,[11][12][13][14] and serum 4,7,13,15 by chromatographic or electrophoresis techniques. Biological samples may not be introduced in their nature state in chromatographic systems, due to their endogenous compounds, mainly the proteins that can: (i) suppress the ionization of analytes, during the ionization process (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis); (ii) co-elute with analytes, during the chromatographic separation; or (iii) adsorb irreversibly in analytical column.…”

“…Biological samples may not be introduced in their nature state in chromatographic systems, due to their endogenous compounds, mainly the proteins that can: (i) suppress the ionization of analytes, during the ionization process (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis); (ii) co-elute with analytes, during the chromatographic separation; or (iii) adsorb irreversibly in analytical column. Therefore, several sample preparation techniques, including protein precipitation, 16 solid phase extraction (SPE), 4,5,11,13 stir-membrane solid-liquid-liquid microextraction (SM-SLLME), 9 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 8,15 and microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), 12 have been used in combination with chromatographic or electrophoresis techniques to determine parabens in biological samples.…”