Simultaneous determination of p-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites in the urine of volunteers, treated with p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen formulation

Wang, Lai-Hao; Huang, Wen-Shiuan; Tai, Huo-Mu

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.021

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Following ingestion, it is cleared rapidly from the body via the urine and is thus routinely used as a marker for assessing the completeness of 24-hour urine collection [7]. The majority of PABA is rapidly acetylated in the liver to form N -acetyl PABA, followed by rapid clearance into urine [8]. The acetylation of PABA by N -acetyl transferase utilizes a pool of cytosolic hepatic acetyl-CoA [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA¹³C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with¹³C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose

Carvalho

Duarte

Simões

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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The 13C-isotopomer enrichment of hepatic cytosolic acetyl-CoA of overnight-fed mice whose drinking water was supplemented with [U-13C]fructose, and [1-13C]glucose and p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) was quantified by 13C NMR analysis of urinary N-acetyl-PABA. Four mice were given normal chow plus drinking water supplemented with 5% [1-13C]glucose, 2.5% [U-13C]fructose, and 2.5% fructose (Solution 1) overnight. Four were given chow and water containing 17.5% [1-13C]glucose, 8.75% [U-13C]fructose and 8.75% fructose (Solution 2). PABA (0.25%) was present in both studies. Urinary N-acetyl-PABA was analyzed by 13C NMR. In addition to [2-13C]- and [1,2-13C]acetyl isotopomers from catabolism of [U-13C]fructose and [1-13C]glucose to acetyl-CoA, [1-13C]acetyl was also found indicating pyruvate recycling activity. This precluded precise estimates of [1-13C]glucose contribution to acetyl-CoA while that of [U-13C]fructose was unaffected. The fructose contribution to acetyl-CoA from Solutions 1 and 2 was 4.0 ± 0.4% and 10.6 ± 0.6%, respectively, indicating that it contributed to a minor fraction of lipogenic acetyl-CoA under these conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA¹³C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with¹³C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose

Carvalho

Duarte

Simões

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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“…It was reported that the concentration of inosine did not increase obviously with dose enhancement and was maintained in the range of 100–1000 ng/mL in healthy volunteers [9] , [10] . Although it has been reported [8] , [11] , [12] that PABA is extensively metabolized to p-aminohippuric acid and p-acetaminohippuric acid, for they are not pharmacologically as active as PABA and readily eliminated into the urine, the study here did not emphasize the determination of inosine, but focused on the analysis of DIP and the unconjugated PABA in the biological samples. In this paper, an LC/MS/MS determination method [13] , [14] for DIP and an HPLC method for PABA have been set up, respectively, and the established methods were applied to plasma pharmacokinetic studies of DIP and PABA in 30 healthy Chinese volunteers after oral administration of inosiplex tablets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic study of inosiplex tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers by hyphenated HPLC and tandem MS techniques

Chen

Zhang

Que

et al. 2013

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis

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Inosiplex is a compound formulation composed of inosine and p-acetaminobenzoic acid (PABA) salt of N,N-dimethylamino-2-propanol (DIP). This study was to investigate the clinical plasma pharmacokinetic properties of DIP and PABA after single and multiple oral doses of inosiplex tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. The established LC/MS/MS method for plasma DIP determination had a linear range of 0.02–10 µg/mL, and the HPLC method for plasma PABA determination had a linear range of 0.05–40 µg/mL. Linear pharmacokinetic characteristics were found with single oral doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g. No obvious accumulation effects were observed for DIP and PABA.

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“…PABA is now rarely used because of its association with dermatitis and photodermatitis. The PABA ester, ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (Padimate O), is a UV-B agent that binds to the corneal layer and provides longer protection, but is less reactive than PABA, and is now used in several sunscreen formulations (30).…”

Section: Organic Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous penetration and pharmacodynamics: Wash-in and wash-off of sunscreen and insect repellent

Rodriguez

Maibach

2015

Journal of Dermatological Treatment

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Increased awareness of skin cancer and mosquito-transmitted diseases has increased use of insect repellents and sunscreens. The challenge in setting recommendations for use and reapplication, especially when used concomitantly, lies in finding the balance between applying a durable product effective in withstanding natural and physical factors such as water, sweat, temperature and abrasion, while limiting percutaneous absorption and decreasing risk of potential dermal and systemic toxicity. Inorganic sunscreens show no or little percutaneous absorption or toxic effects in comparison to organic sunscreens, which show varying levels of dermal penetration and cutaneous adverse effects. An alternative to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), the traditional gold standard compound in insect repellents, picaridin appears as efficacious, has lower risk of toxicity, and when used simultaneously with sunscreen may decrease percutaneous absorption of both compounds. Conversely, combined use of DEET and sunscreen results in significantly higher absorption of both compounds. It is important to increase consumer awareness of "washing in" of various compounds leading to increased risk of toxicity, as well as differences in reapplication need due to "washing off" caused by water, sweat and abrasion. Although much remains to be studied, to maximize efficacy and decrease toxicity, contemporary research tools, including dermatopharmokinetics, should aid these prospective advances.

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Simultaneous determination of p-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites in the urine of volunteers, treated with p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen formulation

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA¹³C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with¹³C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA¹³C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with¹³C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose

Pharmacokinetic study of inosiplex tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers by hyphenated HPLC and tandem MS techniques

Percutaneous penetration and pharmacodynamics: Wash-in and wash-off of sunscreen and insect repellent

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Simultaneous determination of p-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites in the urine of volunteers, treated with p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen formulation

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA13C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with13C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA13C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with13C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose

Pharmacokinetic study of inosiplex tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers by hyphenated HPLC and tandem MS techniques

Percutaneous penetration and pharmacodynamics: Wash-in and wash-off of sunscreen and insect repellent

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Product

Resources

About

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA¹³C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with¹³C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose

Noninvasive Measurement of Murine Hepatic Acetyl-CoA¹³C-Enrichment Following Overnight Feeding with¹³C-Enriched Fructose and Glucose